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step 1- microbio > bacteriology > Flashcards

bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

what G+ organism makes endotoxin?

A

listeria

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2
Q

which bugs do not show up well on gram stain?

A

these microbes may lack real color:

Treponema
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasma
Legionella
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
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3
Q

Giemsa stain for which bugs?

A

certain bugs really try my patience:

Chlamydia
Borrelia
Rickettsia
Trypanosomes
Plasmodium
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4
Q

PAS stain?

A

stains glycogen and mucopolysaccharides

used for Whipple disease

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5
Q

Ziehl Neelsen (carbol fuchsin) stain?

A

for acid fast bacteria and protozoa

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6
Q

India ink?

A

cryptococcus

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7
Q

silver stain?

A

fungi
legionella
H pylori

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8
Q

chocolate agar?

A

H flu

has factors V (NAD+) and X (hematin)

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9
Q

thayer-martin agar?

A

neisseria spp.

has vanc/colistin/nystatin (inhibits growth of all except neisseria)

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10
Q

Bordet Gengou agar?

A

bordetella

has potato in it (why is this relevant? mysteries within mysteries)

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11
Q

Lowenstein-Jensen agar?

A

M Tb

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12
Q

Eaton agar

A

M pneumo

needs cholesterol

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13
Q

MacConkey agar

A

for lactose fermenting enterics

fermentation –> acid –> pink colonies

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14
Q

EMB agar

A

E coli

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15
Q

charcoal yeast agar

A

Legionella

+ cysteine and iron

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16
Q

sabouraud agar

A

fungi

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17
Q

aerobic bugs

A

AIR Planes May Not Land Nicely

Pseudo
Myco TB
Nocardia
Legionella
Neisseria
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18
Q

obligate anaerobes

A

clostridium

bacteroides

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19
Q

non-obligate anaerobes

A

fusobacterium

actinomyces

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20
Q

can you use aminoglycosides on anaerobes?

A

no! AGs need O2 to enter the cell

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21
Q

obligate intracellular bugs

A

stay inside: it’s Really CHilly and COld:

Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Coxiella

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22
Q

facultative intracellular bugs

A

some nasty bugs may live facultatively

Salmonella
Neisseria
Brucella
Mycobacterium
Listeria
Francisella
Legionella
Yersinia
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23
Q

encapsulated bugs

A 
S pneumo
H flu
N meningiditis
E coli
Salmonella
Klebsiella
GBS
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24
Q

urease positive bugs

A

U should CHuck the PUNKSS

crypto
H pylori
proteus
ureaplasma
nocardia
klebsiella
staph epi
staph sapro
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25
Q

catalase positive bugs

A 
Cats B in SPACE
burkholderia
staph
pseudomonas
aspergillus
candida
enterobacter 
also:
nocardia
listeria
e coli
klebsiella
serratia
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26
Q

what color does actinomyces make?

A

yellow granules

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27
Q

what color does staph aureus make?

A

yellow

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28
Q

what color does pseudomonas make?

A

blue-green

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29
Q

what color does serratia make?

A

red

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30
Q

which bugs have IgA protease?

A

S pneumo
H flu
Neisseria

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31
Q

what bug has protein A?

A

S aureus

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32
Q

which bugs have M protein?

A

group A strep

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33
Q

mechanism of diphtheria toxin/PsA toxin (exotoxin A)?

A

inactivate elongation factor 2

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34
Q

MOA of shiga toxin/SLT?

A

inactivated 60s ribosome

35
Q

ETEC toxins?

A

heat labile –> cAMP –> increased gut secretion

heat stable –> cGMP –> decreased gut resorption

36
Q

bacillus anthracis toxin?

A

edema toxin –> cAMP

37
Q

cholera toxin MOA?

A

permanently activates Gs –> cAMP –> rice water

38
Q

pertussis toxin MOA?

A

disables Gi –> cAMP –> decreased phagocytosis

39
Q

tetanospasmin MOA?

A

cleave SNARE –> prevents GABA/gly release in spinal cord –> spasticity

40
Q

botulinum toxin MOA?

A

cleave SNARE –> prevent ACh release at NMJ –> floppy baby

41
Q

clostridium perfringens toxin MOA?

A

alpha toxin = phospholipase –> myonecrosis and hemolysis

42
Q

streptolysin O MOA?

A

degrades cell membranes –> RBC lysis

43
Q

TSST-1/exotoxin A MOA?

A

bind MHCII and TCR –> IL1, IL2, IFNg, TNFa release –> shock

44
Q

catalase+ coag+ ?

A

staph aureus

45
Q

catalase+ coag-, novobiocin sensitive?

A

staph epidermidis

46
Q

catalase+, coag-, novobiocin resistant?

A

staph saprophyticus

47
Q

catalase-, alpha hemolytic, optochin sensitive?

A

S pneumo

48
Q

catalase-, alpha hemolytic, optochin resistant?

A

viridans strep

49
Q

catalase-, beta hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive?

A

strep pyogenes

50
Q

catalase-, beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant?

A

GBS

51
Q

catalase-, no hemolysis, growth in 6.5% NaCl

A

enterococcus

52
Q

catalase-, no hemolysis, no growth in 6.5% NaCl

A

S bovis

53
Q

how to dx diphtheria?

A

G+ rods with blue and red granules
+ Elek test for toxin
black colonies on cystine-tellurite agar

54
Q

which bug has a polypeptide capsule?

A

bacillus anthracis

has D-glutamate in it

55
Q

tx of actinomyces vs nocardia?

A

nocardia: sulfonamides
actinomyces: PCN

56
Q

tx of leprosy?

A

tuberculoid: dapsone and rifampin
lepromatous: dapsone and rifampin + clofazimine

57
Q

G- maltose fermenting diplococcus?

A

N meningiditis

58
Q

G- non-maltose fermenting diplococcus?

A

N gonorrhea

59
Q

oxidase+, comma shaped, grows at 42deg?

A

campylobacter

60
Q

oxidase+, comma shaped, urease+?

A

H pylori

61
Q

oxidase+, comma shaped, grows in alkaline media?

A

V cholera

62
Q

fast lactose fermenters?

A

Klebsiella
E coli
Enterobacter

63
Q

slow lactose fermenters?

A

Citrobacter

Serratia

64
Q

non-lactose fermenting, oxidase+?

A

pseudomonas

65
Q

non-lactose fermenting, oxidase-, H2S+ ?

A

Salmonella
Proteus
Yersinia

66
Q

non-lactose fermenting, oxidase-, H2S-?

A

shigella

67
Q

leptospirosis?

A

water contaminated with animal urine
flu-like sx, CALF myalgias, jaundice, photophobia, conjunctival erythema
surfers/tropics

68
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica?

A

pet feces, contaminated milk, pork
diarrhea
pseudoappendicitis: RLQ pain from mesenteric adenitis or terminal ileitis

69
Q

anaplasmosis?

A

from ixodes ticks

granulocytes with morulae in cytoplasm

70
Q

bartonella?

A

cat scratch dz, bacillary angiomatosis

71
Q

borrelia recurrentis?

A

relapsing fever
from lice
recurrent due to antigen variation

72
Q

brucella?

A

brucellosis/undulant fever + systemic sx

from unpasteurized diary, meat-packing, farming

73
Q

psittacosis?

A

from parrots/birds

chlamydia psittaci

74
Q

tularemia

A

resembles plague

from ticks, rabbits, deer fly

75
Q

pasteurella?

A

cellulitis, osteo

from animal bite (cats, dogs)

76
Q

typhus: endemic vs epidemic?

A

both rickettsia spp.

endemic: R. typhi; fleas, less bad
epidemic: R.prowazekii; lice, worse

rash SPARES palms and soles, unlike RMSF

77
Q

Q fever?

A

coxiella burnetii
inhalation of aerosolized spores
PNA, culture neg endocarditis

78
Q

erlichiosis?

A

ambylomma tick
monocytes with morulae in cytoplasm
RMSF w/o spots

79
Q

forms of chlamydia?

A

elementary body: endocytoses into cell, becomes RB

reticulate body: replicates, reorganizes into EBs

80
Q

chlamydia serotypes A, B, C?

A

trachoma! chronic blindness, Africa/Native Americans

81
Q

chlamydia serotypes D-K?

A

everything else!

82
Q

chlamydia serotypes L1, L2, L3?

A

lymphogranuloma venereum

painless genital ulcers –> buboes (grosssss)

83
Q

most common infx in CGD?

A 
CGD NABSS cat+ bugs
Nocardia
Aspergillus
Burkholderia
Staph aureus
Serratia

step 1- microbio (8 decks)

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