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Medications > Medication Quiz > Flashcards

Medication Quiz Flashcards

0
Q

Nitrates

A

Vasodilator
Relaxes smooth muscle
Dilation of arteries reduces peripheral vascular resistance and makes cardiac contraction easier, thus improving cardiac output and reducing the work of the left ventricle

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1
Q

Bronchodilator

A

Relaxes the smooth muscle in the respiratory tract and dilate the airways

Stimulates beta 2 adrenergic receptors in the airways

Usually given by inhalation

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2
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Interfere with the passage of calcium through cell membranes

Used for angina, hypertension

Unwanted effects- headache, flushing, oedema, fatigue, palpations

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3
Q

Ace inhibitors

A

Rennin is released by the kidney
Angiotensinogen is produced by the liver.

Renin converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1.

Angiotensin 1 is then converted to angiotensin 2 by the Angiotensin converting enzyme.

Angiotensin 2 is a powerful vasoconstrictor and raises bp

Ace inhibitors inhibit the enzyme ACE so prevent the formation of angiotensin 2

Meaning that these drugs are used to… - lower blood pressure (first dose taken at night time as it does this dramatically)

  • can reduce nephropathy (kidney damage)
  • congestive heart failure
  • used after MI to prevent a stroke

Examples .. Ramipril,

Side effects..

  • dry cough
  • high potassium

Blood tests need doing to monitor levels

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4
Q

Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists

A

Block receptors for angiotensin II and vasodilate
Used when patients can’t take ACE inhibitors

Examples
- losartan

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5
Q

Digoxin

A

Reduces heart rate by decreasing conductivity in the av node

used for AF to slow heart rate
Used for heart failure

Dose may be omitted if heart rate is below 60.

Side effects-
- cardiac arrhythmia
- visual disturbances
Vomiting diarrhoea

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6
Q

Adrenaline

A

Stimulates all adrenergic receptors
Increases force of cardiac contraction
Bronchodilation
Vasoconstricts arterioles thus increasing BP

Uses
Cardiac arrest
Anaphylaxis (intramuscular)
Acute severe asthma

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7
Q

Atropine

A

Affects muscle contraction

Increases heart rate
Decreases smooth muscle in GI tract
May be used in theatre to decrease bronchial secretions

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8
Q

Beta blockers

A

Blocks the hormone adrenaline

Used for…

  • angina (Atenolol)
  • hypertension (atenolol)
  • antiarrhythmics
  • chronic heart failure (Bisoprolol)
  • anxiety and hyperthyroidism (Propranolol)
  • migraine
Unwanted effects 
- broncho constriction
Sleep disturbances 
Depression 
Peripheral vasoconstriction
Should be withdrawn slowly
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9
Q

Statins

A

Lower LDL ( cholesterol)
Reduce incidence of cardio vascular disease
Often prescribed to those at risk especially those with diabetes

Examples
Simvastatin

Side effects
- contraindicated in liver disease
Muscle effects

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10
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Inhibit clotting

Prevent thrombus formation

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11
Q

Anti platelet drugs

A

Reduce the ability of platelets to stick together

Aspirin, clopidogrel

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12
Q

Diuretics

A

Increase urine output

Used to reduce oedema in...
- heart failure 
Renal disease 
Cirrhosis of the liver 
Acute pulmonary oedema 
Unwanted effects 
Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance 
Sodium and potassium loss 
Calcium may be lost

Examples - furosemide, bendroflumethiazide, metolazone,

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13
Q

Antacids

A

Given when symptoms are present
Relief of dyspepsia (indigestion)
Gaviscon

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14
Q

Proton pump inhibitors

A

Reduce acid secretion.
Often used when NSAIDs are prescribed
Lansoprazole, omeprazole

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15
Q

Antispasmodics

A

Relax smooth muscle in the intestines

Antimuscarinics- buscopan

16
Q

Antiemetic

A

Prevent and treat nausea and vomiting

Hyoscine, ondansetron, cyclizine, dexamethasone

17
Q

NSAIDs

A

Useful in chronic inflammatory conditions

Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Diclofenac

18
Q

Opioids

A

Moderate to severe pain relief
Most used is morphine

Diamorphine, fentanil, methadone, oxycodone, tramadol, codeine,

19
Q

Sulphonylureas

A

Cause body to secrete more insulin

Usually taken once or twice a day with or shortly before a meal

Can be prescribed alongside other diabetes drugs such as metformin

Example.. gliclazide

20
Q

Biguanides

A

Metformin

Prevents production of glucose in the liver which improves the body’s sensitivity towards insulin and reducing the amount of sugar absorbed by the intensities

Usually first line of treatment

No weight gain

21
Q

Penicillins

A

Kills bacteria by interfering with cell wall synthesis

Commonly prescribed and used for many infections

Diarrhoea may occur
Allergy is main danger
Hypersensitivity causes rashes and anaphylaxis

22
Q

Hypnotics

A

AIDS sleeping

Only used for short periods when necessary

Benzodiazepines - nitrazepam, flurazepam, loprazolam

23
Q

Antipsychotic drugs

A

Treats schizophrenia
Severe anxiety

Drugs include
Haloperidol
Flupentixol
Clozapine

24
Q

Steroids

A

Anti inflammatory

Medications (7 decks)

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