32 Flashcards
Name
Aldehydes
Name
Ketones
What are carbonyl (oxo) compounds
These molecules possess a C=O atomic group
What are ketones?
carbonyl group bonded to
two carbons in the carbon skeleton
What are aldehydes
oxo group attached to terminal carbon
Identify the compound
Carboxylic acid
Identify the compound
Esters
Identify the compound
Acid halides
Identify the compound
Amides
Identify the compound
Formaldehyde (methanal)
Identify the compound
Acetaldehyde (ethanal)
Identify the compound
Propionaldehyde (propanal)
Identify the compound
Butyraldehyde (butanal)
Identify the compound
Benzaldehyde
Identify the compound
4-methylpentanal
Identify the compound
2-ethylpentanal
3 examples of Biologically important, naturally occurring oxo compounds
Examples of nucleobases that are ketones
N-containing, heterocyclic aromatic compounds; substituted purine or pyrimidine rings
Example of Oxo-enol tautomerism of the nucleobases
Oxo form is the most stable
Physical properties of carbonyl compounds
-> Do aldehydes or ketones forms H-bonds? Why?
Neither aldehydes nor ketones possess the ability to form H-bonds as there are no O – H sigma bonds in the molecules.
Compare the boiling points of carbonyl compounds to that of alcohols
boiling points for aldehydes and ketones are lower than for alcohols of similar molar mass.
Compare the boiling points of carbonyl compounds to that of alkanes
As a result of dipole-dipole interactions, their boiling points are higher than for alkanes of similar molar mass.
Describe Water solubility of carbonyl compounds
The carbonyl group oxygen atom is a hydrogen bond acceptor, so short-chain aldehydes and ketones are water-soluble
(Greater carbon length makes the molecule less polar and less water-soluble)
Synthesis of oxo compounds by mild oxidation (dehydrogenation) of alcohols (reactions, products)
