32 Flashcards
(33 cards)
___ __ is a committee that studies and make recommendations about hypertension in the US
JNC 7
commonly known as the “silent killer” ______ results in a systolic BP greater than 140 mm Hg and a diastolic pressure greater than (0 mm HG
hypertension
BP ranges
normal: 160/>100
______ hypertension results from high BP from an unidentifibale cause
primary
_____ hypertension is high BP with identified causes (caused by other diseases)
secondary
______ is abnormal blood fat levels
dyslipidemia
how is high BP viewed?
as a sign a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or a disease
BP = cardiac output x peripheral resistance
BP = cardiac output x peripheral resistance
the elderly commonly have an increase in BP due to structural and functional changes. theses changes include ____________ and result in decreased elasticity of the major blood vessels?
accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque fragmentation of arterial elastins increased collagen deposits impaired vasodilation
______ ______ hypertension is commonly seen in the elderly. It results in a greater systolic pressure (>140 mm Hg) and a normal diastolic pressure (
isolated systolic hypertension
factors that influence development of hypertension?
increased SNS activity increased reabsorption of sodium chloride and H2O by kidneys increased activity of renin angiotensin system decreased vasodilation insulin resistance
nonmodifiable risk factors for hypertension
genetics family history age
modifiable risk factors of hypertension
smoking obesity physical inactivity dyslipidemia DM microalbuminuria or GFR
symptoms of hypertension
no symptoms other than elevated BP symptoms related to organ damage are seen late and are serious (eye changes, renal damage, MI, cardiac hypertrophy, stoke)
symptoms of potential organ damage?
angina SOB altered speech and vision headaches dizziness balance problems nocturia
how do you assess for hypertension?
H & P exam of retinas labs (to identify organ damage) 12 lead ECG urine test 24 hr urine protein
which labs may be done to assess hypertension?
analysis of Na, K+, creatinine, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDLs
ways to reduce hypertension
weight loss reduced alcohol and sodium intake regular physical activity diet high in fruit, veggies, and low fat dairy DASH diet
DASH diet (FYI)
grains: 7-8 servings/day veggies: 4-5 servings/day fruits: 4-5 servings/day lowfat/fat free dairy: 2-3 servings/day meat,fish,poultry:
how long does it take for the taste buds to adapt to changes in salt intake?
2-3 months
for pts with uncomplicated hypertension andn no specific indications for another med, what is the initial med?
thiazide diuretic
s/s of thiazide diuretics
dry mouth thirst weakness/drowsiness electrolyte imbalance postural hypertension
when is the best time to take thiazide diuretics?
in the AM
________ _______ can occur if antihypertensive meds are suddenly stopped
rebound hypertension
