3.2. Alexander III

Question 1

Change in direction

His reign began with…

Answer 1

• public hanging of conspiritors for fathers death.
• 1881 ‘manifesto of unshakable autocracy’

Question 2

Change in direction

Issued laws on exceptable measures which declared…

Answer 2

if necessary, commander in cheif could be appointed to take control of a locality, using military police coryts + arbitary powers.

Question 3

Change in direction

Mikhail Katkov

Answer 3

jornalist who helped justify his conservative views to literary public.

Question 4

Change in direction

Tutored by…

Answer 4

Konstantin Pobedonostsev - brought up with strong sense of committment and blieved with Gods direction, he could alone decide whats right for the country.

Question 5

Change in direction

Loris - Melikov proposal

Answer 5

abandoned, along with reforming ministers.

Question 6

Changes in local gov

Answer 6

• June 1892 - town electorate reduced to owners of property above certain value.
• July 1889 - land Captain created (state appointed) power to override + disreguard Zemstva decisions, responsible for law enforcemement, could ignore judical proceedings.
• 1890 - further act changed Z. election arrangements - reduced peasant vote.

Question 7

Changes in policing

Which two people led department of policing and dates.

Answer 7

1. Vyacheslav von Plehve 1881-1884.
2. Pyotr Dunorvo 1884.
   Committed to upholding autocratic principles.

Question 8

Changes in policing

How did Alex III increase control?

Answer 8

• no. of police increased + new branches of crim investigation set up.
• Okrana took responsiblitiy for security + investigation.
• Intercepted mail, checked up on activities of factories, unis + summary exucutions.

Question 10

Changes in policing

Statue on police survelliance.

Answer 10

1882
subject to punishment if they committed crimes or were likely to know people who committed = significan power as arrested people had no right to legal rep.

Question 11

Changes in censorship

Answer 11

• Tolstoy established gov committee 1882 - set up ‘temporary regs’ allowed newspapers to be closed and lifetime bans.
• all literary publications to be officially approved + librarys wer restricted, also extended to theatre, art + culture.

Question 12

Changes in judicial system

Answer 12

• Alex II reforms partially reversed.
• 1885 - decree for Minister of Justice to exercise greater control.
• 1887 - ministry allowed closed court sessions.

Question 13

Changes in education

Uni Charter

Answer 13

1884
Appointed deans and professors subject to approval of Education ministry based on ‘religious, moral and patriotic oriantation.’

Question 14

More changes in education

Answer 14

• closed uni’s for woman + abolished separate uni courts.
• uni life closely monitered, not allowed gathering in groups more than 5.
• only 2% of pop literate in 1897.
• primary education for lowest aspects restricted + put into hands of Orthodox Church.

Question 15

Efforts to forstall rebellion

Answer 15

• intro of right to appeal to higher courts.
• 1883 peasant land bank established
• factory legislation reformed.

Question 16

Efforts to help serfs and lower class

Answer 16

• May 1881 - law introduced reduced repemption fee’s + cancelled arrests of ex serfs in 37 provinances.
• May 1885 - poll tax abolished + intro of inheritence tax to shift burden away from lower classes.