3.2 alkanes + halogenoalkanes Flashcards
(15 cards)
fractional distillation (crude oil) + why
separate into mixtures of compounds with similar BP
- crude oil is vaporised
- hydrocarbon with diff BP
- BP depend of length
- temp gradient in column
- high BP condense bottom, low=top
thermal cracking
product + conditions
alkane for polymers
high temp + pressure
catalytic
products + conditions
Aromatic hydrocarbons + motor fuels
Zeolite - ↓temp + pressure - ↓$
Moderate pressure + high temp
What does SO2 cause? How to remove
Acid rain
SO2 + CaO (calcium oxide) / Ca carbonate
-> CaSO3 (calcium sulfite)
How is NOx created? How it’s produced? Cause what? How to remove?
Acid rain
Car engine - ↑temp + pressure - spark
2NO + 2CO -> 2CO2 + N2
Catalytic converters (platinum)
free radical substitution
CH4 + Cl2 -> CH3Cl + HCl
initiation
- Cl2 -> 2Cl*
*UV + high temp - provide energy break bond
propagation
- Cl* + CH4 -> CH3 + HCl
- *CH3 + Cl2 -> *Cl + CH3Cl
termination
- *Cl + CH3 -> CH3Cl
- *Cl + *Cl -> Cl2
- *CH3 + *CH3 -> CH3CH3
structural formula
ozone layer benifit
absorb harmful UV radiation
what causes ozone depletion + how
C-Cl bond in CFCs (chloroflourocarbons)
- Cl* + O3 -> ClO + O2
- ClO + O3 -> Cl* + 2O2
Cl* regenerated = catalyst
whats nucleophile
electron pair donor
halogenoalkanes react with hydroxides OH-
- give 2 reactions, condition, products
Nucleophilic substitution
- aq NaOH
- alcohol
Elimination
- anhydrous ethanoic KOH
- alkene
whats hydrolysis
breaking bond using H2O
how to test for halogens? results? ionic equation?
react with silver nitrate
Cl - white
Br - cream
I - yellow
Ag+ + X- ->AgX
What happened to substitution rate as go down halogen group
Faster substitution bc bond enthalpy decrease (weaker bond)
Role of hydroxide ions in elimination
Base by accepting proton
How CFCs form chlorine atom in upper atmosphere
C-Cl bond breaks
