3.2 Anatomy of Mouth, Pharynx & Esophagus

Question 1

Mouth composed of what?

Answer 1

1. Lips (opening)
2. Tongue (floor)
3. Cheeks (the walls)
4. Hard/Soft Palate (roof)
5. Uvula (posterior border)

Question 2

Uvula

Answer 2

Process that hangs inferiorly to it’s attachment to the soft palate

Question 3

Tongue

Answer 3

A muscle that is attached to other structures so that it can contract for movement

Question 4

What is the tongue attached to?

Answer 4

1. Hyoid bone
2. Mandible
3. Lingual Frenulum

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Lingual Frenulum

Answer 7

Vertical mucous membrane where the body of the tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth

Question 8

Mastication

Answer 8

The main job of the mouth, to break down food into smaller pieces, moisten it with saliva and move it back into the pharynx to be swallowed.

Question 9

Salivary glands contains enzymes called?

Answer 9

Amylase - that begin chemical digestion by breaking down starches

Question 10

What glands have enzymes to help break apart food?

Answer 10

1. Parotid glands
2. Submandibular glands
3. Sublingual glands

Question 11

Question 12

Question 13

Question 14

Question 15

Question 16

Mandible

Answer 16

Lower jaw portion, lower arch of teeth

Question 17

Maxilla

Answer 17

Upper jaw, upper arch of the teeth

Question 18

One half of each jaw has what teeth and what are they used for?

Answer 18

1. Two incisors (r or l central insisor, lateral incisor) - chisel shape for biting
2. Canine (cuspid) - pointy for tearing
3. Two Premolars (bicuspid) - flattened for grinding
4. Three Molars - flat for crushing

Question 19

3 main parts of a tooth?

Answer 19

1. The crown
2. Neck
3. Root

Question 20

Describe the Root

Answer 20

The largest portion of the tooth, located within the alveolar process of the jaw bone

Question 21

Describe the Neck

Answer 21

Located within the upper portion of the gums (gingiva).

Question 22

Describe the crown

Answer 22

The visible portion of the tooth and lies above the gun line.

Question 23

Describe pulp cavity

Answer 23

Lies at the center of each tooth, contains nerves and blood vessels . Nerves allow for cold, hot & pain sensations.

Question 24

Describe Dentin

Answer 24

A bone-like substance composing most of each tooth.

Question 25

Describe Enamel

Answer 25

Located on the surface of the tooth. Very hard connective tissue that protects the rest of the tooth.

Question 26

Describe the tongue

Answer 26

Grips food and constantly repositions it between the teeth, forming a compact mass called a BOLUS. Tongue pushes bolus back to pharynx to start swallowing.

Question 27

What is Papillae

Answer 27

Raised bumps on the tongue

Question 28

3 types of Papillae

Answer 28

1. Circumvallate 2. Fungiforn 3. Filiform Circumvallate/Fungiform contain taste buds.

Question 29

What are taste buds?

Answer 29

Chemical receptors that are stimulated by chemical composition of food. Found on the tongue, surface of the mouth and walls of the pharynx.

Question 30

Question 31

What is Pharynx (Throat) and what is it made up of?

Answer 31

Connects the mouth to the esophagus 1. Nasopharynx 2. Oropharynx 3. Laryngopharynx

Question 32

What type of layers does the Pharynx have?

Answer 32

Two types of skeletal muscles: 1. Circumferential (Outer Layer) 2. Longitudinal (Inner Layer) *they contract alternating causing peristalsis which squeezes food into the esophagus.

Question 33

What is the Epiglottis

Answer 33

Flap of elastic cartilage that covers the larynx when swallowing food to prevent aspiration.

Question 34

What is Aspiration

Answer 34

When good or liquid enter the lungs. Can cause pneumonia.

Question 35

What is the Esophagus?

Answer 35

Extends from the pharynx to the stomach, traveling through an opening in the diaphragm on its way to the stomach. It is a muscular tube containing four layers of tissue in the same type found in the stomach, small intestine and large intestine.

Question 36

What is mucosa?

Answer 36

The first or outermost layer of the esophagus, which secretes mucus into the interior of the gastrointestinal track. 

Question 37

What is submucosa?

Answer 37

The second layer of the esophagus. This layer contains blood and lymph vessels, lymph nodes, nerves and mucous glands.

Question 38

What is muscularis externa?

Answer 38

The third layer of the esophagus. Made of two layers of muscle (the outer longitudinal fibers, and the inner circumferential fibers).

Question 39

What is Serosa?

Answer 39

The fourth and outer most layer of the esophagus. Made up of cells that make serous fluid.