3.2 and 3.3 Flashcards
monomer of nucleic acids
polymers of nucleic acids
nucleotide, DNA/RNA
monomer of proteins
polymers of proteins
amino acids, polypeptide
monomer of carbohydrates
polymers of carbohydrates
monosaccharides, polysaccharides
monomer of lipids
polymer of lipids
fatty acid, triglycerides/phospholipids
function of nucleic acids
store and transfer genetic information in the cell
function of proteins
storage, movement, transport, identification, defense, chemical reactions, structures and communication
function of carbohydrates
monosaccharides- primary source of energy for cells
disaccharides/polysaccharides- store the sugars until they are needed
and another type of polysaccharides (glucose) makes up the cell walls of plants
function of lipids
are a long-term energy storage molecules and can act as insulation and protection of organs
What are the similarities in amino acid structures?
they all have the function group amino and carboxyl
What are the differences in amino acid structures?
The side chains have different functional groups and properties
What are the four levels or protein structure?
Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
What happens during protein denaturation?
unfolding of a protein, the secondary and tertiary structures get destroyed and only the primary structure is retained
How are tertiary structures formed by hydrophobic interactions?
Hydrophobic cluster together on the inside of the protein
How are tertiary structures formed by hydrophilic interactions?
Hydrophilic amino acids are left on the outside to interact with nearby molecules
How are tertiary structures formed by acidic and basic side chains?
They form ionic attractions
How are tertiary structures formed by the cysteine side chain?
They form covalent disulfide bonds
What are the proteins types and functions?
enzymes- catalyze the important chemical reactions that occur in our cells
hormones- messengers that help switch cell process off and on
antibodies- recognize and attack foreign cells and viruses
structural proteins- gives them the shape and allows the cell to move while others hold the tissue together
Compare the structure and functions of different groups of macromolecules
All are organic compounds,
obtained from living organisms,
all are a source of energy but carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for living organisms, and
all contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Contrast the structure and functions of different groups of macromolecules
they have different connecting smaller molecules in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, proteins sometimes have sulfur atoms and nucleic acids have nitrogen and phosphorous atoms
