3.2- Brachia and Pectral Girdle: Muscles, Nerves, and Blood Vessels Flashcards

Question

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Answer 1

The brachia/upper-limb has **a _single major artery_ supplying the upper limb** This artery has different names depending on where it is Both radial and ulnar arteries **_originate in the brachial artery_** which _divides at the neck of the radius_ * **_SUBCLAVICAL Heart_****_à Lateral Side of 1^st Rib_** * **_Artery:_** Subclavian Artery * **_Veins:_** * At heart: Superior Vena Cava * Just superior to heart: Brachiocephalic Vein * Prior to medial side of 1^st rib: Subclavian Veins * **_AXILLARY Lateral Side of 1^st Rib_****_à Inferior Border of Teres Major_** *Axillary = Armpit* * **_Artery:_** Axillary Artery * **_Veins:_** * **_Deep Veins:_** Axillary Veins * **_Superficial Veins:_** *Cephalic drains into distal axillary veins. Basilic already drained into proximal brachial veins.* * **DISTALLY:** Cephalic Superficial Vein à *drains into the distal axillary veins* * **_BRACHIAL Inferior Border of Teres Major_****_à Neck of Radius_** *Brachial = Brachia = Upper Arm* * **_Artery:_** *Divide into the ulna and radial arteries at the neck of the radius* * Brachial Artery * **_Veins:_** * **_Deep Veins:_** Brachial Veins x2 * **_Superficial Veins:_** *Basciic drains into proximal brachial veins* * Basilic Superficial Vein à *drains into the proximal brachial veins* * Cephalic Superficial Vein à *drains into the distal axillary veins* * **_ULNA AND RADIAL Neck of Radius_****_à Wrist_** *Ulna = Along Ulna Radius = Along Radius* * **_Arteries:_** *Brachial Artery drains into the ulna and radial arteries which then divide into the deep and superficial palmer arterial arches* * Ulna Artery- *Moves down the radius, lateral to _flexor carpi radialis_* *muscle* * Radial Artery- *Moves down the ulna, medial to _flexor carpi ulna_* *muscle* * **_Veins:_** * **_Deep Veins:_** * Ulna Veins x2 * Radial Veins x2 * **_Superficial Veins:_** *Both originate from dorsal venous arch* * Basilic Superficial Vein * Cephalic Superficial Vein * **_PALMAR ARCHES Wrist Onwards_** * **_Arteries:_** *Originate from the ulna and radial arteries* * Deep Palmer Arterial Arch * Superficial Palmer Arterial Arch * **_Veins:_** * **_Deep Veins:_** *Divide into the two ulna veins and two radial veins* * Deep Venous Arch x2 * Superficial Venous Arch x2 * **_Superficial Veins:_** *Divides into the basilic and cephalic superficial veins* * Dorsal Venous Arch

Answer 2

* **_Glenohumeral Joint-_ *Glenoid cavity of sternum with head of humerus*** * *Synovial ball and socket* * **_Articular Surfaces_:** _Glenoid cavity of sternum_ with _head of humerus_ * *Aided by the **fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum**, a fibrocartilaginous ring between glenoid cavity and humeral head increasing stability of the joint* * **_Ligaments_:** Provide stability, but are relatively weak to enable mobility * **Glenohumeral Ligament-** Between scapula’s _glenoid cavity_ and _anatomical neck of humerus_ * **Coracoacromial-** Between scapula’s _coracoid process_ and scapula’s _acromion_ * **Coracoclavicular-** Between scapula’s _coracoid process_ and the _clavicle_ * *Also stabilised by the rotator cuff muscles: Subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus* * **_Bursae:_** Multiple bursae, most importantly the **subacromial bursa** between scapula’s _acromion_ and the _supraspinatus muscle_

Answer 3

* **_Glenohumeral Joint-_ *Glenoid cavity of sternum with head of humerus*** * *Synovial ball and socket* * **_Articular Surfaces_:** _Glenoid cavity of sternum_ with _head of humerus_ * *Aided by the **fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum**, a fibrocartilaginous ring between glenoid cavity and humeral head increasing stability of the joint* * **_Ligaments_:** Provide stability, but are relatively weak to enable mobility * **Glenohumeral Ligament-** Between scapula’s _glenoid cavity_ and _anatomical neck of humerus_ * **Coracoacromial-** Between scapula’s _coracoid process_ and scapula’s _acromion_ * **Coracoclavicular-** Between scapula’s _coracoid process_ and the _clavicle_ * *Also stabilised by the rotator cuff muscles: Subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus* * **_Bursae:_** Multiple bursae, most importantly the **subacromial bursa** between scapula’s _acromion_ and the _supraspinatus muscle_

Answer 4

Elbow- *Synovial Hinge* * Uniaxial * **Movements:** Flexion/Extension * **Ligaments** * **_Collateral Ligaments-_** *Prevent abduction/adduction* * **Medial Collateral Ligament-** Humerus’ _medial epicondyle_ à ulna’s _coronoid process_ and _olecranon_ * **Lateral Collateral Ligament-** Humerus’ _lateral epicondyle_ à annular ligament * **_Other Ligaments_** * **Annular Ligament-** Ulna’s _radial notch_ à wraps around radial head à _proximal radioulnar joint_ * *Forms a sling around neck of radius* * *Keeps radial head stable at the capitulum* * **Bursae-** Multiple bursae. Most importantly, **subtendnous bursa** between ulna’s _olecranon_ and the _triceps brachii tendons_, reducing friction during elbow flexion/extension * **_Elbow Joint-_** *Synovial hinge* * **_Humero-Radial Joint_** * *Synovial hinge* * Flexion/extension * _Radius head_ with _humerus’ capitulum_ * **_Humero-Ulnar Joint_** * *Synovial hinge* * Flexion/extension * _Ulna’s trochlear notch_ with _humerus’ trochlea_ * **_Proximal Radioulnar Joint_**- * ***Shares the elbow joint cavity but is not part of the elbow joint*** * *Synovial pivot* * Pronation/Supination * _Radius head_ with _radial notch of ulna_ Proximal Radioulnar and Distal Radioulnar * ***Shares the elbow joint cavity but is not part of the elbow joint*** * **Type:** *Synovial pivot* * **Axes:** Uniaxial * **Movement:** Pronation/Supination * *Assisted by a **fibrous syndesmosis joint** (an interosseous membrane) between the radius and ulna that ensures they move together* * **Components:** * **Proximal Radioulnar:** _Radius head_ with _radial notch of ulna_ * **Distal Radioulnar:** _Ulna head_ with _ulnar notch of radius_ Radioulnar Joint * ***An interosseous membrane running between the radius and ulna*** * **Type:** *Fibrous Syndesmoses* * **Function:** * Ensures that the radius and ulna move together, assisting the proximal and distal radioulnar joints, enabling pronation and supination * A point of muscle attachment * **Components:** * Medial side of radius shaft and lateral side of ulna shaft

3.2- Brachia and Pectral Girdle: Muscles, Nerves, and Blood Vessels Flashcards

(33 cards)