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History Tudors > 32. Puritan’s Aims And Methods > Flashcards

32. Puritan’s Aims And Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the term ‘puritan’ first used?

A

1560s

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2
Q

What was a common definition at the time of puritan?

A

The hotter sort of Protestant

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3
Q

What were the puritan beliefs more closely aligned to?

A

Continental Protestant beliefs such as Calvinism and zwinglianism

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4
Q

What were some of the most radical puritans?

A

Presbyterians

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5
Q

What did Presbyterians want?

A

Opposed to the use of bishops and wanted a less hierarchical structure

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6
Q

What did Protestants believe that the only basis for religious beliefs was?

A

The bible

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7
Q

What practices did Protestants not believe in?

A

Bowing at the name of Jesus, kneeling to receive communion and the wearing of vestments

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8
Q

What did Protestant defenders of the settlement believe about acts associated with the Catholic Church?

A

‘Adiophora’ (insignificant)

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9
Q

What were Protestants not content with?

A

Weren’t content with attending one service on Sundays and opposed games and entertainment on Sundays

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10
Q

What did puritans do on Sundays?

A

Often had private meetings in the afternoons, studying scriptures and reading devotional books

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11
Q

What were puritans hostile to the presence of?

A

The presence of bishops

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12
Q

Who were bishops appointed by?

A

The queen

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13
Q

Why did the puritans not have unified aims?

A

They were never an organised movement

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14
Q

What did puritans want to remove from the church?

A

Elements that were too Catholic or not based on biblical authority

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15
Q

What examples of elements that were too Catholic were there?

A

Holy days, the sign of the cross, and the surplice

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16
Q

What did puritans want to do about the structure of the church?

A

Change the hierarchical structure of the church

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17
Q

What did the puritans want to change about the hierarchical structure?

A

Wanted a reduction or abolition of the roles of bishops and archbishops

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18
Q

What did puritans want to improve?

A

The standard of the clergy and the amount of preaching

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19
Q

How many church services did puritans want on a Sunday?

A

Two

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20
Q

How did puritans want to remodel the English church?

A

Along the ideas of the Calvinist and Zwinglian churches of Northern Europe

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21
Q

Who was John Field?

A

Wrote the admonition to parliament in 1572

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22
Q

Who was Walter Strickland?

A

The MP who introduced a bill to reform the Book of Common Prayer to Parliament in 1571

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23
Q

Who was Peter Wentworth?

A

The MP who led an attack into clerical abuses in 1576

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24
Q

Who was Anthony Cope?

A

The MP who introduced the ‘bill and book’ into parliament in 1586

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25
Who was Thomas Sampson?
Started the Vestiarian Controversy when he refused to wear the surplice in 1565
26
Who was Thomas Cartwright?
The Cambridge professor who introduced Presbyterian teaching in England
27
Who were Robert Browne and Robert Harrison?
Separatists who founded their own church in Norwich in the 1580s
28
Who were Henry Barrow and John Greenwood?
Separatists who founded their own church in London in the 1590s
29
What started the Vestiarian controversy?
Thomas Sampson refused to wear the surplice and was deprived of his position
30
What did Matthew Parker say about Thomas Sampson?
Said they could wear a very simple surplice
31
What happened to clergy who wouldn’t conform to wearing the surplice?
They lost their jobs
32
How many London preachers lost their job as a result of refusing to conform in 1566?
37 London preachers
33
What did some of the preachers who lost their jobs in 1566 set up?
Independant underground churches
34
Was there a lot of independent churches set up?
No
35
Who was Bullinger?
The main European puritan leader
36
What did Bullinger advise the puritans to do?
To give way to
37
When did Thomas Sampson refuse to wear the surplice?
May 1565
38
Who was the leading academic critic?
Thomas Cartwright
39
What did Thomas Cartwright introduce into England?
Presbyterian teaching
40
What did Thomas Cartwright do in 1570?
He gave a series of lecturers criticising the Elizabethan church, in particular the role of bishops which he said didn’t reflect the bible
41
What was removed from Cartwright?
His professorship was removed
42
Where was Thomas Cartwright a professor?
Cambridge
43
Who removed Cartwright’s professorship?
John Whitgift, the vice chancellor of the university
44
What was published addressed to MPs but as a general appeal to the public?
The Admonition to Parliament
45
Who published The Admonition to Parliament?
John Field and Thomas Wilcox
46
When was The Admonition to Parliament published?
June 1572
47
What did The Admonition to Parliament argue?
Argued for the eradication of superstitious practice and abolition of the current hierarchy of the church
48
What did Elizabeth order would happen as a result of The Admonition to Parliament?
Field and Wilcox were arrested and spent a year in Newgate prison
49
What was good about the Admonition for puritans?
It had a wide readership and was the start of a pamphlet war waged by Puritans
50
What was written in 1573?
The disciplinale ecclesiale
51
Who wrote the Disciplinale Ecclesiale in 1573?
Walter Travers
52
What did the Disciplinale Ecclesiale argue?
That each congregation should have a minister, a teacher, and an elder, rather than bishops and archbishops
53
What was published in 1589?
The anonymous Martin Marprelate Tracts
54
What were the Martin Marprelate Tracts?
A series of crude pamphlets
55
What did the Martin Marprelate Tracts do?
Alienated more people than they won over due to being so extreme
56
How did the government fight back against the Martin Marprelate Tracts?
They destroyed printing presses and imprisoned extremists
57
When did a small group of puritans begin to press for basic reforms in the government of the church in Parliament?
In the 1570s
58
When did the puritans become more unified and organised?
In the parliamentary sessions of 1563 and 1566-7
59
What did the more organised ‘puritan choir’ force Elizabeth into doing?
Adopting a more Protestant religious settlement than she really wanted
60
What were the puritans concentrated on?
Developing the reformed religion at a local level
61
What were prophesyings?
Meetings where prayers and sermons were said
62
When were prophesyings increasingly used?
In the 1570s
63
What did elizabeth view the prophesyings as?
Potentially encouraging unrest
64
What did elizabeth order to happen about the prophesyings?
Ordered archbishop Edmund Grindal to suppress them
65
What happened when Edmund Grindal refused to suppress the prophesyings?
He was confined to house arrest
66
What movement developed in the 1580s?
classical Presbyterianism
67
What was classical Presbyterianism based on?
Groups of local clergy who met in secret to discuss the scripture
68
Who was the Classical Presbyterianism network coordinated by?
John Field, and they also remained in touch with international puritan groups
69
What did the classical Presbyterianism movement aim to do?
Reorganise the church on the Genevan model
70
Why did Elizabeth disagree with the genevan church?
She believed the monarch should control the church
71
What happened when Whitgift became archbishop?
He set up a high commission to determine the clergy’s loyalty to elizabeth
72
How many clergy were removed for being in sufficiently loyal by Whitgift?
Between 300 and 400 clergy
73
Where was Walter Strickland from?
A gentleman MP from Yorkshire
74
What did Strickland introduce in April 1571?
A bill to reform the book of common prayer
75
What did the bill to reform the book of common prayer abolish?
The use of surplices, the ring in marriage, and kneeling at communion
76
What did the privy council do about Strickland’s bill?
They summoned Strickland to answer accusations he had infringed on the queens prerogative
77
What happened to Strickland?
He was barred from the House of Commons
78
Why was Strickland allowed to return to the House of Commons?
After an outcry from MPs
79
What happened to Peter Wentworth?
He was sent to the Tower of London
80
When was cope an MP in parliament?
1586 Parliament
81
What happened in the 1586 Parliament?
A lot of puritan MPs were chosen for Parliament
82
What did Cope propose?
A ‘bill and book’
83
What did the ‘bill and book’ say?
That the genevan prayer book would replace the Book of Common Prayer, and that the authority of bishops would be ended
84
Who supported the bill and book?
Job Throckmorton MP
85
What happened as a result of the ‘bill and book’?
On elizabeth’s orders, cope and four others were sent to the tower
86
What did pro-government MPs argued about the bill and book?
That the bill meant that all former monastic land would have to be surrendered to finance the new church
87
Who’s an example of a pro government MP?
Hatton
88
What were separatists?
Puritans who weren’t prepared to compromise so set up their own church
89
What was an example of a separatist church?
The plumbers hall congregation
90
Who rooted out the Plumbers hall congregation?
Edmund Grindal
91
When did Edward Grindal root out the plumbers Hall congregation?
1567
92
What happened to Robert Browne after setting up their own church in Norwich?
He was temporarily imprisoned
93
What happened to Robert Browne and Robert Harrison after setting up their own church in Norwich?
They emigrated to Holland in 1582
94
What happened to Henry Barrow and John Greenwood after setting up their own church in London?
They were arrested and executed, marking the end of the separatist movement
95
What was bad about the separatism movement?
It was very small and was never united

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