3.2 - Strength of Acids and Bases Flashcards
Define acid ionization constant, Ka?
It is the value of the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of a weak acid.
What is the ionization constant expression of Hydrofluoric acid?
Ka= [H+][F−] / [HF]
What is the ionization constant expression of Acetic acid?
Ka= [H+][C2H3O2−] / [HC2H3O2]
What is the ionization constant expression of Hydro sulfuric acid?
Ka= [H+][HS−] / [H2S]
What is the ionization constant expression of Carbonic acid?
Ka= [𝐻+][𝐻𝐶𝑂3−] / [H2𝐶𝑂3]
What is the ionization constant expression of Hypochlorous acid?
Ka = [H+][ClO−] / [HClO]
Compare, using examples, particulate diagrams and ionization equations, between strong and weak bases?
- A strong base is a base that ionizes completely into metal ion and hydroxide ion. It is a strong electrolyte.
Examples: NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2.
A weak base is a base that partially ionizes in water. It is a weak electrolyte.
Examples: C2H5NH2,CH3NH2,NH3, andC6H5NH2.
Define base ionization constant, Kb, and write the ionization constant expression for weak bases
It is the value of the equilibrium constant expression for the ionization of a weak base.
Aniline 3.8 ×10^-10
Caffeine 4.1 ×10^-4
Pyridine 1.7 ×10^-9
Ammonia 2.5 ×10^-5
Arrange from strongest to weakest, justify?
Caffeine > Ammonia > Pyridine > Aniline, because caffeine has the highest Kb value and aniline has the lowest.
Define acid rain, describe how it forms and identify its effects on the environment?
Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain
Effects of acid rain:
- Acid rain reacts with marble of the statues and buildings as well as metals and damages them.
- Acid rain kills organisms in ponds and lakes.
Use the following table to arrange the listed acids in order of decreasing strength, from the strongest acid to weakest acid:
A) 9.4×10ˉ² B) 1.7×10ˉ²² C) 5.6×10ˉ¹² D) 7.8×10ˉ⁸ E) 3.9×10ˉ¹⁷
Strongest to Weakest:
A > D > C > E > B
Arrange weak acids and weak bases in terms of strength according to the numerical values of Ka and Kb?
The larger the ionization constant, the stronger the acid or base.
What is the ionization constant expression of Ethylamine?
Kb= [C2H5NH3+][OHˉ ] / [C2H5NH2]
What is the ionization constant expression of Methylamine?
Kb = [CH3NH3+][OH−] / [HCH3NH2]
What is the ionization constant expression of Ammonia?
Kb= [NH4+][OHˉ ] / [NH3]
