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Anatomy Exam 4 > IX + X: Perineum I + II > Flashcards

IX + X: Perineum I + II Flashcards

1
Q

what are the boundaries of the perineum?

A

coccyx
2 ischial tuberosites
pubis

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2
Q

derivation of upper half of anal canal

A

hindgut

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3
Q

upper half anal canal lining

A

columnar epithelium

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4
Q

anal columns?

A

above pectinate line

vertical fold indicating anorectal junction

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5
Q

semilunar folds/anal valves

A

inferior aspect of anal columns which indicate a bumpy pectinate line

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6
Q

innervation to upper half of anal canal

A

autonomic n.

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7
Q

arteries to upper half of anal canal

A

superior rectal (IMA) and middle rectal (internal iliac)

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8
Q

vein of upper half of anal canal

A

superior rectal (to IMV —> **portal system)

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9
Q

lymphatics of upper half of anal canal

A

inferior mesenteric nodes

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10
Q

derivation of lower half of anal canal

A

ectoderm of proctodeum

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11
Q

lining of lower half of anal canal

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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12
Q

innervation to lower half of anal canal

A

inferior rectal branch of pudendal n.

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13
Q

lymphatics to lower half of anal canal

A

superficial inguinal nodes

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14
Q

internal anal sphincter

A

involuntary smooth muscle

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15
Q

external anal sphincter

A

voluntray skeletal

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16
Q

what innervates external anal sphincter

A

inferior rectal (branch of pudendal n.)

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17
Q

what are ischiorectal fossa?

A

fat filled spaces lateral to anal canal

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18
Q

bost deep border of ischiorectal fossa

A

levator ani

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19
Q

what is the pudendal canal?

A

canal withing fascia of obturator internus in the ischiorectal fossa lateral wall

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20
Q

3 contents of pudendal canal

A
  1. pudendal n.
  2. internal pudendal a.
  3. internal pudendal v.
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21
Q

is the n. to obturator internus in the pudendal canal?

A

enters the canal, but exits early

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22
Q

where do things enter the pudendal canal?

A

lesser sciatic foramen

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23
Q

what are the branches of the pudendal n. (3)

A
  1. inferior rectal
  2. dorsal nerve of penis/clitoris
  3. perineal n.
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24
Q

what are the branches of internal pudendal a. (2)

A
  1. inferior rectal

2. branch to penis/ labia and clitoris

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25
Q

which hemorrhoid would be painful above or below pectinate line?

A

below= painful and palpable

only autonomic nerves above

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26
Q

which facial layer of the perineum is fused withthe suspensory ligament of penis/clitoris?

A

deep fascia

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27
Q

what is the deep penile fascia/Buck’s fascia continuous with>

A

deep fascia

holds penile corpora together

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28
Q

space between colles fascia and perineal membrane

A

male superficial pouch

29
Q

contents of the male superficial pouch

A 
RIBSS
roots of penis (bulb and crura)
ischiocavernosus muscle
bulbospongiosus muscle
superficial transverse perineal m.
spongy urethra
30
Q

space between superior fascia of UG diaphragm and perineal membrane

A

male deep perineal pouch

31
Q

contents of male deep pouch

A 
IM BEDD
internal pudendal a. and v.
membranous urethra
bulbourethral gland
external urethral sphincter
deep transverese perineal muscle
dorsal nerve of penis
32
Q

what innervates the dartos muscle

A

genital branch of genitofemoral

33
Q

surrounds corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum individually

A

tunica albuginea of penis

34
Q

binds all erectile bodies of penis together

A

Buck’s fascia

35
Q

Bulb of penis

A

corpus spongiosum attached to perineal membran of UG diaphragm

36
Q

Right and Left frura

A

corpus cavernosum attached to ischiopubic rami

37
Q

which erectile body contains the urethra

A

corpus spongiosum

38
Q

what type of erectile tissue is the glans penis (head)

A

corpus spongiosum

39
Q

what muscles cover the bulb?

A

bulbospongiosus

40
Q

what is the function of the bulbospongiosus

A

compression when contracted leads to

  1. emptyign spongy urethra of residual urine/semen
  2. erection by increasing pressure on tissue in root compressing venus return
41
Q

what muscles cover the cruras?

A

ischiocavernosus muscles

42
Q

small muscles arising from ischial tuberosity and inserting into perineal body

A

superficial transverse perineal muscles

43
Q

perineal body

A

small fibrous mass in center of perineum

44
Q

what structures attach to the perineal body

A
  • external anal sphincter
  • bulbospongiosus
  • superficial transverse perineal muscles
45
Q

muscle surrounding the membranous urethra

A

external sphincter urethrae

46
Q

what innervates the external sphincter?

A

voluntary muscle innervated by perineal branch of pudendal n.

47
Q

deep transverse

A

ischial rami to perineal body

48
Q

supplies skin of penis and glans penis

A

dorsal nerve of the penis (from pudendal)

49
Q

blood to penis

A

internal pudendal a.

50
Q

what a. fills the corpora cavernosa with blood

A

deep arteries of penis

51
Q

helicine branches in cavernosa

A

coiled in flacid penis, open into cavernous spaces

52
Q

what forms the prepuce and frenulum

A

labia minora

53
Q

space between labia minora, containing the external meati of urethra, vagina, and ducts of the greater and lesser vestibular glands

A

vestibule

54
Q

How is the head of the clitoris different from the head of the penis

A

clitoris: caverosa head
penis: spongisum head

55
Q

Contents of Female superficial perineal pouch

A 
RLBIGPPIS
root of clitoris
lesser vestibular glands
bulbospongiosus muscles
ischiovaernosus muscles
greater vestibular glands
perineal body
perineal branches of pudendal n.
superficial transverse perineal muscles
56
Q

Contents of Deep Female Perineal Pouch

A 
PPISDD
part of urethra
part of vagina
itnernal pudendal vessels
sphincter urethrae
deep transverse perineal muscles
doresal nerves of clitoris (from pudendal )
57
Q

what secretes the lubricating mucous during sexual activity?

A

greater vestibular glands

58
Q

what corresponds to the male prostate?

A

lesser vestibular glands

59
Q

what n. supplies clitoris

A

dorsal n. of the clitoris from pudendal n.

60
Q

phimosis

A

foreskin can’t be retracted

61
Q

episiotomy

A

cut before it tears in childbirth

62
Q

erection

A

parasympathetic

S2-4

63
Q

emission

A

sympathetic

L1-2

64
Q

ejaculation

A

somatic: S2-4

and autonomic

65
Q

what happens in erection

A
  • helicine a. dilate

- bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus contract

66
Q

what happens in emission

A
  • movement of semen into prostatic urethra
  • peristalsis of ductus deferens and seminal vesicles
  • prostatic contraction
  • glands involved
67
Q

what happens in ejaculation

A
  • rhythmic contractions of bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus
68
Q

what do sympathetics do in ejacultion?

A

close internal urethral sphincter

69
Q

what do parasympathetics do in ejaculation?

A

contract urethral muscle

Anatomy Exam 4 (11 decks)

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