3.2.1 Cell Structure Flashcards
Types of eukaryotic cells
animal, plant, fungi,algae
Types of prokaryotic cells
Bacteria
What is the difference between plant and animal cells?
plant cells have cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole.
fungi cells
- similar to plant cells
- Don’t have chloroplasts (don’t photosynthesise)
- their cell wall is made of chitin
Algae cells
Have all the same organelles as plant cells
what is the structure and function of the nucleus?
Contain genetic material
- contains chromosomes
- protein bound DNA
- one or more nuclei
Structure and function of cell membrane
Controls entry and exit of substances (semi permeable)
- made up of proteins and lipids
structure and function of Mitochondria
Produce ATP
- appear as rod-like structures
- Have a double membrane
- Cristae (folds)
- matrix
function of chloroplasts
Site where photosynthesis takes place
Golgi apparatus
Collects and processes proteins and lipids
Golgi vessicles
Bud off and form lysosomes
Lysosomes
A type of golgi vessicle that releases the enzyme lysozyme.
Ribosomes
where protein synthesis takes place
Rough ER
Folds and processes proteins made on ribosomes
Smooth ER
Produces and processes lipids
Cell wall (plants, algae)
- made of cellulose
- supports cell and prevents shape change
Cell wall (fungi)
made of chitin
vacuole
- involved in removing unwanted chemicals from the cell
What are specialised cells?
cells that have a specific function
sc—> tissues—> organs—-> organ systems
Name some organelles that prokaryotic cells always have
- cell wall (made from murein)
- plasma membrane
- ribosome
- cytoplasm
- circular DNA
Name some organelles prokaryotic cells sometimes have
- flagellum
- capsule
- nesmosome
- plasmids
- pilli
Where is DNA found in a prokaryote?
- single circular DNA, free floating in cytoplasm
Is a virus living or non-living?
non living
what is the structure of a virus?
- Genetic material (DNA or RNA)
- capsid ( layer of fatty acid coats)
- Attachment protein (receptor to recognise cells to invade)
