3.2.1 DNA & the Genome

Question 1

The entire set of the genetic material of an organism is known as what?

Answer 1

Its genome

Question 2

In 2003, scientists completed a 13-year project in which they did what?

Answer 2

They sequenced the genes that make up the whole human genome

Question 3

This project was named what?

Answer 3

The human genome project

Question 4

What 2 things did it help to develop?

Answer 4

medical understanding and treatment of genetic diseases

the study of human migration patterns

Question 5

Each gene within the genome is made up of a small section of DNA that codes for what?

Answer 5

A particular sequence of amino acids

Question 6

These sequences of amino acids form what?

Answer 6

Different types of proteins

Question 7

Alleles are different versions of what?

Answer 7

A gene

Question 8

Different alleles code for what? (eye colour example)

Answer 8

Brown or blue eye colour

Question 9

Having 2 alleles of the same type is called what?

Answer 9

homozygous

Question 10

Having 2 alleles that are different to one another is called what?

Answer 10

heterozygous

Question 11

Structural proteins such as collagen is found where?

Answer 11

In skin cells

Question 12

Two other protein examples are………

Answer 12

Enzymes

Hormones

Question 13

Genes control our characteristics as they code for what?

Answer 13

Proteins that play important roles in what our cells do

Question 14

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material found where?

Answer 14

In the nucleus of a cell

Question 15

DNA, is a polymer made up of what?

Answer 15

Two strands coiled around to make a double helix

Question 16

The strands are formed from what?

Answer 16

A sugar phosphate backbone

with bases joined together by complementary base pairing

Question 17

Adenine pairs with what?

Answer 17

thymine

Question 18

Guanine pairs with what?

Answer 18

cytosine

Question 19

What 2 processes rely on these base-pairing rules because each half of the DNA double helix acts as a template to be copied in order to create a complete new double helix ?

Answer 19

Cell division

protein synthesis

Question 20

In the nucleus of a cell, the DNA double helix supercoils to form what?

Answer 20

Structures called chromosomes

Question 21

Are they only visible during cell division?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

How many pairs of of chromosomes does ordinary human body cells contain?

Answer 22

23

Question 23

This is a diploid number. How is it often shown?

Answer 23

2n

Question 24

One chromosome from a pair is inherited from whom?

Answer 24

Each parent

Question 25

Each chromosome pair is called a what?

Answer 25

Homologous pair

Question 26

The 23rd pair of chromosomes are the what?

Answer 26

sex chromosomes

Question 27

In females, the sex chromosomes are the same. What letters are used to express this?

Answer 27

(XX)

Question 28

In males, the sex chromosomes are different. What letters are used to express this?

Answer 28

(XY)

Question 29

How many individual chromosomes do Gametes contain?

Answer 29

23

Question 30

This is half the full number of a body cell and is called what?

Answer 30

The haploid number (or n)

Question 31

Genes are found in specific locations on the chromosomes, these locations were identified in the what?

Answer 31

Human genome project

Question 32

Genes are short lengths of DNA that code for what?

Answer 32

A protein

Question 33

Where are they found?

Answer 33

On chromosomes

Question 34

How many pairs of chromosomes are there in dogs?

Answer 34

39 pairs

Question 35

How many pairs of chromosomes are there in rice?

Answer 35

12