Hepatic, Biliary and Pancreatic Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Which lobe of the liver is larger?

A

Right Lobe is 70%

Left lobe is 30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do the right and left hepatic ducts become when they combine?

A

The common hepatic duct

Which then joins with the cystic duct to make the common bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What constitutes the portal triad?

A

Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What segments constitutes the right lobe? What about the left lobe? What drains these?

A

Right hepatic vein drains V, VI, VII and VIII

Left hepatic vein drains II, III, IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What part of the intestines does the common bile duct empty into?

A

The 2nd part of the duodenum (also where the pancreas empties)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the name of the sphincter that controls the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes into the intestine?

A

The Sphincter of Oddi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How much blood flow does the portal vein bring to the liver?

A

70% of the blood flow to the liver is delivered by the portal vein

Other 30% is from the hepatic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is in the center of a classic lobule?

A

Central vein – blood is brought in by the hepatic artery and portal vein towards the CV through sinusoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does blood go through to get from the sinusoids to hepatocytes?

A

Space of Disse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is in between individual hepatocytes?

A

Bile canaliculi = small bile ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the biliary tree?

A

Bile canaliculi become larger and form R and L hepatic ducts –> form common hepatic duct –> form common bile duct and go to the duodenum

** These drain away from the CV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a Kupfer cell?

A

Macrophage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a Stellate cell?

A

Within the Space of Disse, responsible for forming scar tissue –> fibrosis –> cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do we view the liver as an exocrine organ?

A

We look at the liver as a group of lobules = Portal lobule: three triangles together with portal triad in the middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the hepatic acinus?

A

Connect two central veins and two portal triads and make a diamond, break it into zones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which zone is most likely to see a viral infection?

A

Zone 1 (closest)

17
Q

Which zone is most likely to be subjected to ischemic injury or acetaminophen damage?

A

Zone 3

18
Q

How does bile become concentrated?

A

Absorption of water, sodium and chloride

19
Q

How does the volume change from Liver bile to gallbladder bile?

A

500 mL to concentrated 50 mL

20
Q

What is the function of bile salts?

A

Emulsification = decreases surface tension and breaks fat globules into smaller size particles

21
Q

What stimulates the release of CCK?

A

Fatty foods in the duodenum

22
Q

What does CCK do?

A

It stimulates gallbladder contraction and emptying in under 1 hour
Also relaxes the Sphincter of Oddi

23
Q

What does Secretin do?

A

Acts on biliary epithelium to produce a solution rich in sodium bicarbonate to neutralize acids and optimize pancreatic function

24
Q

What is the function of the pancreatic acini? What about the pancreatic duct?

A

Acini produces pancreatic enzymes

Ducts secrete bicarb rich solution

25
Q

What are some examples of acini secreted enzymes?

A

Trypsin, chymotrypisin and carboxypolypeptidase

*Secreted in inactive form

26
Q

What activates trypsinogen to trypsin?

A

Enterokinase

27
Q

What prevents activation of trypsin until it reaches small intestine?

A

Trypsin inhibitor

28
Q

What is the function of amylase?

A

Released from pancreatic acini to break down carbs

29
Q

What is the enzyme that digests fats?

A

Pancreatic lipase digests all TG it can reach within 1 minute

30
Q

What enzymes stimulate pancreatic secretion?

A

CCK– acts on acini

Secretin– acts on duct