Heart valve disease Flashcards
MS- causes
rheumatic, congenital, mucopolysaccharidoses, endocardial fibroelastosis, prosthetic valve
MS- presentation
symptoms when orifice <2cm (normal 4-6); dyspnoea, fatigue, palps, chest pain, emboli, haemoptysis
MS- signs
malar flush (decr Cardiac output), low vol pulse, AF common, non displaced apex beat.
MS- ausculation
loud S1, opening snap, mid diastolic murmur (heard best on expiration patient on left side)
MS- tests
ECG- AF, RVH, RAD (right axis dev). CXR- left atrial enlargement, pulm edema, mitral valve calcification.
indications for cardiac catheterisation in MS
prev valvotomy, angina, other valve disease, pulm hypertension, calcified mitral valve
MS- management
AF- rate control, anticoag; diuretics (decr preload and pulm venous congestion); balloon valvuloplasty; valve replacement.
complications MS
pulm hypertension, emboli, pressure from large LA on structures ef hoarseness, dysphagia, infective endocarditis rare.
MR- causes
functional eg LV dilatation; annular calcification; rheumatic fever; IE; mitral valve prolapse; ruptured chordae tendinae; papillary muscle dysfunction; CT disorders; cardiomyopathy; congenital
MR- symptoms
dyspnoea, fatigue, palps, IE
MR- signs
AF, displaced hyperdynamic apex beat, RV heave
MR- auscultation
soft S1, split S2, loud P2. pansystolic murmur at apex radiates to axilla
murmur in Mitral stenosis
mid diastolic
murmur in mitral regurgitation
pansystolic
MR- tests
ECG- AF, LVH. CXR- large LA and LV; mitral valve calcification, pulm oedema
