322 midterm Flashcards
population-aggregate
a collection of people who share one or more personal or environmental characteristics that are LOOSELY associated with one another
example of a population-aggregate
*** may have similar disease process or live in the same area
EXAMPLE: all the children in broome county who have type 1 DM
community
a collection of people who interact with one another and whose COMMON INTERESTS form a basis for a sense of unity or belonging
example of community
people who participate in a support group for people with type 1 DM
what are the three public health core functions
assessment
policy development
assurance
assessment
-systematic data collection on the population
important to have -infrastructure on where to put the data you’re collecting
- monitor the populations health status to identify existing or potential health problems
example of assessment
covid tracing data collection
policy development
- inform, educate and empower people regarding health issues
- develop and support local, state, national and international legislation that support and promote the health and well-being of the population
- use scientific knowledge base to make policy decisions
- mobilize partnerships b/w nursing and many other disciplines
assurance
- Make sure that essential community oriented health services are available
- Enforce laws and regulations that protect health of population and ensure safety
- Link health services with people
trust vs mistrust stage age
0-18 months INFANCY
autonomy vs shame and doubt age
18-36 months
TODDLER
initiation vs guilt age
3-5 years old
PRESCHOOLER
industry vs inferiority age
ages 6-12
SCHOOLAGE
Identity vs role confusion age
12-18
ADOLESCENCE
trust vs mistrust stage
Skills and abilities emerge that illustrate the child’s growing sense of independence and autonomy
§ If children are encouraged and supported in their increased independence become more confident and secure in their own ability to survive in the world
§ If children are criticized, overly controlled, or not given the opportunity to assert themselves begin to feel inadequate, become overly dependent upon others, lack self-esteem, and feel a sense of shame or doubt in their abilities
initiative vs guilt
Child regularly interacts with other children
o Play is pivotal
§ Plan activities, make up games, and initiate activities with others
o Children develop a sense of initiative and feel secure in their ability to lead others and make decisions
o Conversely, if this tendency is squelched, either through criticism or control, children develop a sense of guilt
industry vs inferiority
Success leads to a sense of competence
§ Expanding relationships outside the nuclear family
§ Peer groups become important
o Important event is school
§ Learning to cope with academic and social challenges
· May be excluded from a peer group or sit alone at lunch
o Gaining awareness of their uniqueness
o Success industry; Failure inferiority
identity vs role confusion
Learns roles that will be adopted as an adult.
o Self-identity develops
o Body image extremely important – higher suicide rates
sensori-motor stage age
0-24 months
INFANT
preoperational stage age
2-7 years
TODDLER AND PRESCHOOLER
concrete operational stage age
SCHOOL AGE
formal operational stage age
ADOLESCENCE
sensori-motor stage
Intelligence demonstrated through motor activity
o Knowing the world is based on physical experience
o Object permanence, memory, and causality begin to develop around 7 months
May experience separation anxiety due to object permanence
If something or someone is not there they don’t exist
Object permeance- when kids know that objects continue to exist even though they can no longer be seen or heard
Cannot recognize different people
preoperational stage
Children think in images and symbols
o Symbolic play: imaginary friends or social play with roles assigned
o Egocentrism: unaware that other viewpoints exist
§ “I like Sesame Street, so Daddy must like Sesame Street, too”
o Animism: inanimate objects are capable of actions and have lifelike qualities
§ Example: Stars twinkle in the sky because they are happy
o Artificialism: the belief that environmental characteristics are attributed to human actions or interventions
§ Example: Thunder is angels bowling
o Transductive reasoning: does not understand cause and effect
§ Reasons from specific to specific, drawing a relationship between separate events that are unrelated
· If the child wishes someone harm, and then something bad happens, the child believes they caused the event
