3.2.3 Coastal management

Question 1

Hard Engineering is:

Answer 1

Building sea defenses from concrete, wood or rock to protect against erosion and flooding.

Question 2

Sea wall is:

Answer 2

Concrete wall curved outwards to reflect wave power, effective but expensive and unsightly.

Question 3

Groynes are:

Answer 3

Wood, rock or steel piling built perpendicular to the shore to trap beach material, but can starve other beaches.

Question 4

Rip-rap is:

Answer 4

Piled boulders at the base of cliffs/sea walls to absorb wave energy, but can be dislodged.

Question 6

Gabions are:

Answer 6

Wire cages filled with stone/concrete, a cheap defense but not very efficient.

Question 7

Offshore Barriers are:

Answer 7

Submerged concrete blocks/rocks that dissipate wave energy before it reaches shore.

Question 8

Soft Engineering is:

Answer 8

Working with natural processes rather than against them

Question 9

Beach Replenishment is:

Answer 9

Adding sand/shingle to widen beaches and absorb waves, but requires repetition.

Question 10

Dune Regeneration is:

Answer 10

Planting vegetation to stabilize and create new dunes as natural barriers.

Question 11

Cliff Re-grading is:

Answer 11

Reducing the angle of cliffs to slow down erosion.

Question 12

Managed Retreat is:

Answer 12

Allowing the sea to flood inland by removing defenses to create salt marshes.

Question 13

Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is:

Answer 13

Using a combination of methods based on stakeholder needs.

Question 14

Coastal Cells are:

Answer 14

Dividing coastlines into manageable sections to assess erosion/flooding risks

Question 15

Shoreline Management Plans (SMPs) are:

Answer 15

Setting approaches to manage risks from erosion/flooding

Question 16

Hold the Line means:

Answer 16

Maintaining current shoreline position through hard engineering.

Question 17

Advance the Line means:

Answer 17

Building new defenses seaward through land reclamation.

Question 18

Managed Realignment is:

Answer 18

Removing defenses to allow natural coastal processes.

Question 19

Do Nothing means:

Answer 19

Allowing the coast to retreat with no intervention regardless of previous defenses.

Question 20

What is the Holderness Coast?

Answer 20

Rapidly eroding coastline in Yorkshire managed by sea walls, gabions, groynes and beach replenishment.