3.2.3.1 Urbanisation Flashcards
(28 cards)
Mega city
A city with a population of more than 10 million people.
Meta city
A city with a population of more than 20 million people.
Million city
A city with a population of more than 1 million people.
Natural increase
This is measured as birth rate minus death rate per 1000 per year
Pull factor
Positive reasons that attract people to an area.
Push factor
Negative reasons that force people move away from an area
Rural-urban migration
The movement of people from rural areas (countryside) to urban areas (towns/cities)
Urban growth
An increase in the number of urban dwellers
Urbanisation
An increase in the proportion of a country’s population that lives in towns and cities. 2 main causes:
1. natural population growth and
2. rural to urban migration
Green field site
This is an area which has not previously been built on – often in the rural urban fringe
Ribbon development
This is urban growth, and the expansion of suburbs, along routes into the CBD
Suburbanisation
- This is the movement of people from living in the inner parts of a city to living on the outer edges
- It has been facilitated by the development of transport networks and increase in car ownership
Urban sprawl
The spread of an urban area into the surrounding countryside. This happens if there are no planning controls
Counter-urbanisation
This is the movement of people from urban areas into smaller urban areas or rural areas, leap-frogging the rural urban fringe.
Rural-urban fringe
This is the area beyond the built up area of the town or city
Suburbanised village
This is a village, in commuting distance, which receives newcomers as a result of counter-urbanisation. It shares some of the characteristics of the suburbs.
“Dead-heart” syndrome
This is the result of loss of manufacturing and retailing from the “Downtown” areas of cities which leave a “dead heart”.
Gentrification
This is the process by which individuals, or groups of individuals, buy and renovate properties, often in more rundown areas. This is fuelled by wealthier individuals.
Urban resurgence
This is the economic and structural regeneration of an urban area which has suffered a period of decline. This can be initiated by redevelopment schemes
Bottom up
When local people are consulted and supported in making decisions to undertake projects or developments that meet one or more of their specific needs.
Regeneration
Policies directed at tackling social, economic, physical and environmental problems within urban areas
Top down
When the decision to undertake projects or developments is made by a central authority such as government with little or no consultation with the local people whom it will affect.
Urban policy
Strategies chosen by local or central government to manage the development of urban areas and reduce urban problems.
World city
An urban area that has influence over the whole world. They act as global centres for finance, trade, business, politics and culture. Financial and political influence are considered most significant in world city status.
