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Sociology > Chapter 1 - What Is Sociology? > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - What Is Sociology? Flashcards

0
Q

Sociology

A

Studies human society and social behavior

-more complex and advanced societies

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1
Q

Social Sciences

A

Disciplines that study human social behavior or institutions and the functions of human society in a scientific manner

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2
Q

Social interaction

A

How people relate to one another and influence each other’s behavior

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3
Q

Social phenomena

A

Observable facts or events that involve human society

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4
Q

Anthropology

A

Comparative study of past and present cultures

  • figure out culture based on artifacts
  • simple, less advanced present cultures
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5
Q

Psychology

A

Study of behavior and mental processes

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6
Q

Social psychology

A

Study of how social environment affects an individual’s behavior and personality

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7
Q

Economics

A

Analyses the choices people make to satisfy their needs and wants
- effects of certain economic factors on groups of people

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8
Q

Political science

A

Examination of the principles, organization, and operation of government

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9
Q

History

A

Studies the people and events of the past

-used to explain current social behaviors

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10
Q

What was the impact of the Internet on sociology?

A
  • created new form of isolation

- access to more information

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11
Q

What are parts of the sociological perspective?

A
  1. Look at life in scientific, systematic way - not what’s in media
  2. Look at hidden meanings behind actions
  3. Behavior is influenced by social factors - learned by others
  4. “Viewing the world from others’ eyes”
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12
Q

What is sociological imagination? Whose idea was this?

A

The ability to see the connection between the larger world and your personal life. - C. Wright Mills

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13
Q

What were social and political changes during the Industrial Revolution?

A
  1. Rural economy gave way to large scale production
  2. Factory replaced home
  3. Growth of cities
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14
Q

What factors lead to creation of sociology?

A
  1. ) Rapid social and political changes during industrial revolution
  2. ) Urban population growth
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15
Q

What did urban population growth cause?

A
  1. Higher number of unemployed
  2. Housing shortages
  3. Crime and pollution increased
  4. Impersonal nature of city living
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16
Q

Who was Auguste Comte?

A

Founder of sociology

  • applied methods of physical science
  • looked at cause and effect of French Revolution
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17
Q

What were Auguste Comte’s area of study?

A

Social order and social change

  1. Social statics
  2. Social dynamics
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18
Q

Social statics

A

Certain processes that hold society together

- family, government, economics, education

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19
Q

Social dynamics

A

Definite processes that cause societal change

-war, elections, shift in power, media, technology

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20
Q

Who was Harriet Martineau?

A

She published “Society in America”

  • reported on marriage, family, race relations, education, and religion
  • objectivity
  • thought scholars should advocate change to solve the problems they studied
  • women’s rights, religious tolerance, end of slavery
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21
Q

What did Herbert Spencer say?

A

Society is a set of interdependent parts that work together to maintain the system over time

  • social change and unrest are natural occurrences in evolution toward perfection and stability
  • best aspects of society survive
  • social Darwinism
22
Q

What is Social Darwinism?

A

Only the fittest societies survive

23
Q

Who influenced Herbert Spencer?

A

Charles Darwin

24
Q

What did Karl Marx believe?

A

Society is divided into two classes

  • bourgeoisie
  • proletariat
25
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

Capitalists, own materials and methods of production

26
Q

Proletariat

A

Workers, own labor

27
Q

What would class conflict cause? Class conflict is the primary cause of social change.

A

Proletariat would overthrow power and a classless society would form

28
Q

Who were the early European scholars?

A

Karl Marx, Herbert spencer, Harriet Martineau, Auguste Comte

29
Q

What were Emily Durkheim’s beliefs?

A

Society is a set of interdependent parts with each having a specific functionality

  • only study observable things
30
Q

Function

A

Consequences that an element of society produced for the maintenance of its social system

31
Q

What was Emile Durkheim’s focus?

A

Functions of religion in maintaining social order

-shared beliefs and values

32
Q

What was the first sociological study on?

A

Suicide

33
Q

What was Max Weber’s focus?

A

Separate groups within society

- effect of society on individuals

34
Q

Verstehen

A

Attempt to understand the meanings individuals attach to their actions (in someone else’s shoes)
-Weber

35
Q

Ideal type

A

General description of essential characteristics of a feature of society

  • school, government body
  • Weber
36
Q

What was the Chicago School Sociologists focus?

A

Group interactions and impact of society in individual development

  • lead to INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVE
  • should include practical solutions to social problems
37
Q

What did Jane Addams do?

A

Opened Hull House which offered welfare, educational, and recreational services for the poor

38
Q

What did Addams write?

A

Hull House Maps and Papers

  • wages, sweatshops, child labor, living conditions
  • first serious discussion about industrialization and urbanization
39
Q

Who was W.E.B. DuBois?

A

An African American sociologist that wrote The Philadelphia Negro.

  • lived in black community
  • first empirical community study
  • race was an issue that needed to be addressed
40
Q

Theory

A

Explanations of the relationships among particular phenomena

41
Q

Theoretical perspective

A

Set of assumptions about the nature of things

42
Q

Functionalist perspective

A

View society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system

  • held together through consensus
  • functions of family, religion, education and economy
  • positive consequences for society as a whole
  • dysfunction, manifest function, latent function
43
Q

Dysfunction

A

Negative consequence an element has for the stability of the social system

  • creates social problems
  • can lead to social change
44
Q

Manifest function

A

Win tended and recognized consequence of some element of society

45
Q

Latent function

A

Unintended and unrecognized consequence of an element of society

46
Q

Conflict perspective

A

Focus on the focus in society that promote competition and change

  • those that have power control who don’t
  • interested in violent and nonviolent competition
  • decision making in family, relationships in racial groups, workers
47
Q

Feminist perspective

A

View society as a gender/sex system in which men dominate women

  • things considered masculine are more highly valued
  • reinforced by social institution of
48
Q

Interactionist perspective

A

Focuses on how individuals interact with one another

  • interested in meaning individuals attach to actions
  • TOI- child development, relationship within small groups, mate selection
  • symbols
49
Q

Symbol

A

Anything that represents something else

-must be accepted

50
Q

Symbolic interaction

A

How people use symbols when interacting

-meaning, language, thought

51
Q

Macro sociology

A

Study of large scale systems or society as a whole

  • functionalist
  • conflict
52
Q

Micro sociology

A

Looking at small group settings and the face to face interactions among group members
-INTERACTIONIST

53
Q

Globalization

A

Development of economic, political, and social relationships that stretch worldwide

Sociology (7 decks)

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