Protein Synthesis

Question 0

What are the three types of RNA?

Answer 0

Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 1

What are genes?

Answer 1

coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within a cell

Question 2

What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Answer 2

serves as the messenger from DNA to the ribosome (site of protein production)

Question 3

What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Answer 3

protein are assembled on ribosomes which contain a strand of rRNA

Question 4

What is the function of transfer RNA?

Answer 4

transfers each amino acid to the ribosomes as specified by mRNA coded messages from the nucleus

Question 5

How many genes code for a protein?

Answer 5

1

Question 6

What are the two major stages in protein synthesis?

Answer 6

1. Transcription - synthesis of mRNA from the DNA template

2. Translation - synthesis of a protein from the mRNA template

Question 7

Will the mRNA stand be complementary to the DNA strand it was written from?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 8

In the nucleus

Question 9

What is a codons?

Answer 9

Three nitrogen bases from mRNA that specify for a specific amino acid (builds a protein)

Question 10

Where does translation occur?

Answer 10

on the ribosomes

Question 11

How many different codon combinations are there?

Answer 11

64

Question 12

What does the AUG codon code for?

Answer 12

Tells ribosome to start building the protein

Question 13

How does tRNA know which amino acid goes where?

Answer 13

due to its complementary codon/anticodon relationship