TBL-3 Flashcards
Describe appropriate use of a case report.
When to use a case study:
Preferred strategy for “how” or “why” questions.
Can use for “what” questions, but ….
“Who” or “where” questions or “how many” or “how much” or “extent” questions favor survey strategies or analysis of archival records.
It must be ~unique~
Include a patient perspective piece
Exclude identifying data (precise dates, etc)
How you can tie details about the patient back to why it’s unique
Evidence based, but careful about making sweeping recommendations about a single case
Explain how leptin mutations can result in early-onset extreme obesity and implications for screening.
How: The majority of cases of hormone deficiency are not related to inactivity, but to a defect in hormone production or secretion. However, rarely, (like in this NEJM case) the hormone can be inactive.
Role of Leptin: Released by adipose tissues, circulates in blood, binds arcuate nucleus, inhibiting neuropeptide Y release and promoting melanocortin release, which stimulates corticotropin releasing hormone release from paraventricular nucleus which signals “FULL” to the nucleus tractus solitarius
Satiety= activation of PVN and NTS and inhibition of LHA
Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient
NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS
may be exaggerated or dampened by extreme values so should not be used when values are not normally distributed
WIKI: A measure of the linear correlation (dependence) between two variables X and Y, giving a value between +1 and −1 inclusive, where 1 is total positive correlation, 0 is no correlation, and −1 is total negative correlation.
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
when you have extreme values
WIKI: A nonparametric measure of statistical dependence between two variables. It assesses how well the relationship between two variables can be described using a monotonic function. If there are no repeated data values, a perfect Spearman correlation of +1 or −1 occurs when each of the variables is a perfect monotone function of the other.
Spearman’s coefficient, like any correlation calculation, is appropriate for both continuous and discrete variables, including ordinal variables.[1][2] Spearman’s \rho and Kendall’s \tau can be formulated as special cases of a more a general correlation coefficient.
What factors contribute to inadequate 25(OH)D levels?
Older age–> lower vit D levels
Not enough vit D intake
Not enough exposure to sunlight
How effective is vit D supplementation for pts w/ CF?
Not very effective
