325V Exam 2 (Part II) Flashcards
List 8 eras of New Mexico geography
- Unoccupied by humans
- Early arrivals
- Anasazi and Mogollon
- Pueblo Nations
- Athabaskan Nations
- Spanish Era
- Mexican Era
- American Era
Three Athabaskan Nations
- Navajo
- Jicarilla Apache
- Mescalero Apache
Three Pueblo Nations
- Taos
- Tortugas
- Ohkay
6 factors that made Spanish settlement successful in New Mexico.
- Result of centuries of Reconquista warfare
- Despire for wealth and power
- Spanish Nationalism and myth of Sangre pura
- Belief that god wanted heathen souls to be saved
- Laws of the Indies
- Aided by horses and “guns, germs, and steel”
4 types of land grants given by Spain and Mexico
- Indian Land Grants
- Individual Land Grants
- Community land Grants
- Sitio/Rancho Land Grants
3 ways the land grants were lost during the American Period
- Money
- US wanted richest lands and natural resources for anglos
- Racism
- Anglos felt hispanos were backward and not making commercial use of the land
- Arrogance
- “Manifest Destiny” Americans believed their actions were supported by god.
How many acres of the original grants were retained?
only about 4 million of the 33 million.
How did Santuario de Chimayo become such a sacred sight?
- Folk church built in 1816, isolation made it vital for hispanos to worship
- largest pilgrimage in North America
- Holy Dirt mircales
- Santo Nino (christ child)
- Was built on sacred indian site
- Christians and others now consider it sacred.
How did New Mexico become a state?
NEW MEXICO OVERCAME POLITICAL RESISTANCE
- Excellent service during the Civil War and in the military since overcame opposition to some degree
- NMs “wild west” was now considered a good thing, movies and novels about it
- Mexican Revolution was underway, US needed NM as a place for bases for control of border
- NM wrote an acceptable constitution to DC
Why was NMs statehood delayed until 1912?
NM was ready to be a state in the 1860’s. Delayed because
- Anti-hispanic, anti-indian, anti-catholic
- NM viewed as southern.
- NM viewed as corrupt because of Thomas Catrons “santa fe ring”
- Land grant anger made NM look unstable and dangerous
- “Wild West” reputation - Billy the kid, rang wars, murders
- Remoteness from DC
- Location on the Mexican border
List 6 landscape traites created by laws of indies.
- Central Plaza with Catholic Church, Gov buildings and businesses.
- Grid of streets for cultural cohesion and defense
- Suertes - irrigated garden plots inside the village, vegtables and orchards
- Acequias - irrigation ditches in fields and town
- Long lots for irrigated farming along rivers
- Ejido - a large commons surrounding the village for grazing, timber harvest, mining, watershed, defense
What caused the Mexican-American War and what was the outcome?
The US tried to buy land farther into Mexico and Mexico rejected all of these offers.
- Then US invades and conquers Mexico because they wanted land and resources.
- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) - 529,017 square smiles of mexico became part of US overnight.
Why was Las Cruces established?
Atchison, Topeka and Sante Fe railroad tried to strike a deal with Mesilla, but they declined. They then asked Las Cruces and they accepted and gave them free land for a depot. (1881) Pioneer Park.
