325V Exam 2

Question 1

Chihuahuan Desert

Answer 1

Soaptree Yucca is the signature plant. Winter storm fronts provides 35% of rain. Named for Mexican State of Chihuahua.

Question 2

Conversos

Answer 2

Cryto-Jews who adopted Catholicism but secretly practiced Judaism.

Question 3

Don Juan De Onate

Answer 3

1598 Expedition to NM, Began NM colonization, extended El Camino Real into NM, Fought battles.

Question 4

El Camino Real

Answer 4

Trade controlled by Chihuahua merchants, high prices for poor goods.

Question 5

Repartimento

Answer 5

System of forced labor by indians in fields, mines, foreset, with Spaniards taking most of the proceeds.

Question 6

Encomienda

Answer 6

Early system for giving Indian land to spanish. Soldiers and settlers as private holdings.

Question 7

Pueblo Revolt

Answer 7

1680: 6000 pueblo indians attacked the spaniards killing 21 priest and 400 colonist, the remaining 2000 fled south to El Paso del Norte.

Question 8

Sandoval Decision

Answer 8

1897: US Supreme Court ruled that ejidos were not held in common by land grand communities in NM. Ownership of ejido lands transferred to US Gov and became US forest service or BLM.

Question 9

Alcalde

Answer 9

Mayor - laid out boundaries and made sure village somewaht matched laws of the indies.

Question 10

Mayordomo

Answer 10

Ditch Boss - was in charge of maintaining the ditches and settling water disputes.

Question 11

Genizaros

Answer 11

Indian people who adopted spanish culture, language and religion.

Question 12

Genizaro Towns

Answer 12

Border garrisons against raids by Navajos, Apaches, Utes, and Commanches.

Abiquiu, Belen, Tome, Villanueva, Truchas, Las Trampas.

Question 13

Mesilla Civil Colony Land Grant

Answer 13

1853 - Last land grant given in NM and the west, given by President of Mexico, 36,000 acres centered on flat site next to Rio Grande.

Question 14

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 14

1848 - 529,017 square miles of Mexico became part of the US overnight. Mexico lost 40% of its land, US paind $18 million.

Question 15

Gadsden Purchase

Answer 15

1854 - US bought 29,670 square miles from Mexico for 10 Million. Mesilla Valley farmland, a route for a 2nd transcontinental railroad.

Question 16

Thomas Catron

Answer 16

“The Santa Fe Ring” he and his conspirators acquired 34 land grants totaling more than 3 million acres, catron was largest private landowner in NM.

Question 17

La Llorona

Answer 17

The “weeping woman” story in Hispanic culture. Grief for great losses.

Question 18

Battle of Glorieta Pass

Answer 18

1862 - “gettysburg of the west” a fierce fight. union had 850 soliders and confederacy had 1200. Both sides lost about the same amount of men.

Question 19

Tortugas Pueblo as an “International Community”

Answer 19

1852 - settled by Indian people from El Paso who had gathered around the missions there. Not “officially recognized by US Gov.

International community - self-identify in many ways, no rigid requirements. Indian, Chicano, Mexican, American.

Question 20

Pancho Villa’s raid on Columbus

Answer 20

Attacked Columbus NM in 1916. 485 Villistas attacked, 18 Americans killed, burned and looted. US had recognized Carranza as President of Mexico and not Pancho Villa, and he got angry.

Question 21

NAFTA

Answer 21

North American Free Trade Agreement - we want an open border.

Question 22

Colonias

Answer 22

Shantytowns.

• Migrants from central Mexico seeking work.
• When there is none, some enter the US illegally.

Question 23

Post-Colonial Landscape

Answer 23

New Mexico is one. A place of grief and anger about “Lost Land”