DISCOURSE: Features of how speech is structured Flashcards
1
Q
Adjacency pair…
A
Used in conversations. 1st part - raises expectation of a response, the 2nd part. e.g. greetings: 1. Hi, how are you? 2. Fine thanks Offers: 1. Would you like a coffee? 2. Oh yes please Prompt and response: 1. So you must be pleased with your results 2. Yes, I'm delighted
2
Q
Insertion sequence…
A
Fits in between an adjacency pair. e.g. Offer: Would you like a coffee? Insertion sequence: Is there any tea? No, sorry. Acceptance: Coffee is fine, thanks.
3
Q
Interruptions…
A
Can occur frequently in conversations. Can signal desire of a speaker to dominate conversation.
4
Q
Overlapping…
A
Speakers talking at the same time as others.
5
Q
Discourse markers…
A
“Well” or “so” might initiate a topic.
“Anyway” might signal a topic shift or the end of a topic.
6
Q
Topic shifts…
A
Speakers move from one topic to another.
7
Q
Topic loops…
A
Reintroducing an earlier topic.
8
Q
Anaphoric reference…
A
Where a pronoun, noun or noun phrase points backwards to something mentioned earlier, e.g.
“THE FILM was breathtaking and the audience watched IT in silence.”
9
Q
Ellipsis…
A
Omission of a word without hindering clarity. “(I’m) nearly finished.”
10
Q
Typography/graphology…
A
- Font (bold, italics, underlined, capitalisation)
- Layout
- Pictures
- Use of colour
