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Laboratory Medicine > Microbiology - Common Causes of Infection > Flashcards

Microbiology - Common Causes of Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common bacterial causes of infective endocarditis?

A
  • Streptococcus viridans
  • Enterococci
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • HACEK organisms (Haemophilus, Agregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella)
  • “Culture negative endocarditis”
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2
Q

What are the common fungal causes of infective endocarditis?

A

Candida

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3
Q

Which viruses frequently cause the common cold?

A

Rhinovirus, coronavirus, influenza

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4
Q

What are the viral and bacterial causes of pharyngitis?

A
  • Rhinovirus
  • Adenovirus
  • Epstein Barr Virus
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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5
Q

What are the common bacterial and viral caues of otitis media and sinusitis?

A
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
  • Haemophilus influenza
  • Rhinovirus
  • RSV
  • Influenza
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6
Q

What are the causes of Croup (laryngothracobronchitis)?

A
  • Parainfluenza
  • RSV
  • Influenza
  • Adenovirus
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7
Q

Which virus commonly causes Bronchiolitis?

A
  • RSV
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8
Q

Which virus commonly causes Epiglottitis?

A
  • Haemophilus influenza type b
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9
Q

What are the viral and bacterial causes of acute bronchitis?

A
  • Rhinovirus
  • Coronavirus
  • Influenza
  • Adenovirus
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • Bordetella pertussis
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10
Q

Which bacterial agents cause ‘typical’ pneumonia?

A
  • Streptococcus pnuemoniae
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Staphylococcus aureus
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11
Q

What are the causes of ‘atypical’ pneumonia?

A
  • Mycoplasma
  • Chlamyia
  • Legionella
  • Pneumocystis
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12
Q

What are the common bacterial causes of hospital acquired pneumonia?

A
  • Gram negatives (majority, e.g. Klebsiella, Pseudomonas)
  • S. pneumoniae
  • S. aureus
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13
Q

What are the causes of an aspiration pneumonia?

A
  • Anaerobic bacteria, often a mixed infection
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14
Q

What causes a fungal pneumonia (rare)?

A
  • Aspergillus fumigatus
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15
Q

Which micro-organisms are able to cause gastrointestinal infection with transmission by:

  • Fecal-Oral route
  • Water
  • Food
  • Self

What are the viral causes of GI infection?

A
  • Fecal Oral - Rotavirus, Shigella
  • Water - Vibrio cholerae, Giardia lamblia
  • Food - Campylobacter, toxins
  • Self - Clostridium difficile
  • Viral - rotavirus, norovirus
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16
Q

Which bacterial pathogens cause gastrointestinal illness by toxin ingestion?

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Bacillus cereus
  • Clostridium botulinum
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17
Q

Which bacterial pathogens cause gastrointestinal illness by synthesizing toxins within the host?

A
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • Bacillus cereus
  • E. Coli
  • Vibrio cholerae
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18
Q

Which bacterial pathogens cause gastrointestinal infection by adhesion and invasion of the GI tract, causing an inflammatory mediated diarrhoea?

A
  • Shigella
  • E.Coli
  • Salmonella
  • Campylobacter
19
Q

What are the protozoal causes of gastro intestinal infection?

A
  • Giardia lamblia and others
20
Q

Which opportunistic bacterial infections commonly occur in a patient with HIV?

A
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae,
  • TB
  • Atypical mycobacteria
  • Salmonella
21
Q

Which opportunistic viral infections commonly occur in a patient with HIV?

A
  • CMV
  • HSV
  • VZV
  • EBV
  • JCV
  • HHV-8
22
Q

Which opportunistic fungal infections occur in a patient with HIV?

A
  • Candida
  • Pneumocystis jirovecii
  • Cryptococcus
23
Q

Which opportunistic protozoal infections may occur in a patient with HIV?

A
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Cryptosporidium
24
Q

Which agents commonly cause infection in neutropenic patients?

A
  • Gram negative bacteria,
  • Aspergillus
25
Q

Which infections commonly occur in patients who have had a splenectomy?

A
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae,
  • Haemophilus influenzae
26
Q

Which organism classically infects burns patients?

A
  • Pseudomonas
27
Q

Which organisms are frequently responsible for community acquired urinary tract infections?

A
  • E. coli
  • Coagulase negative Staphylococci
  • Proteus
28
Q

Which pathogens are commonly responsible for hospital acquired urinary tract infection?

A
  • E. Coli
  • Klebsiella
  • Pseudomonas
  • Gm Positives
  • Candida
29
Q

Which organisms commonly cause catheter associated urinary tracy infection?

A
  • Klebsiella (including extended spectrum beta-lactamases)
  • Pseudomonas
30
Q

Which organism commonly acquires antibiotic associated diarrhoea in hospital patients

A
  • Clostridium difficile
31
Q

Which organisms commonly affect lines and prosthetic materials?

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA)
  • Coagulase negative Staphylococci
32
Q

Which organisms cause infection control issues in hospital settings?

A
  • VZV
  • Norovirus
  • Clostridium difficilie
  • TB
33
Q

Which bacteria commonly cause meningitis in neonates?

A
  • E. Coli
  • Group B Streptococcus
  • Listeria
34
Q

Which bacterial pathogens commonly cause meningitis in children and adolescents

A
  • S. pneumoniae
  • N. meningitidis
  • H. influenza
  • TB (more frequently in children than adolescents)
35
Q

Which bacterial agents commonly cause meningitis in adults?

A
  • S. pneumoniae
  • Listeria
  • TB
36
Q

Which viruses are capable of causing meningitis?

A
  • Enteroxiruses (polio, coxsackie, echo)
  • HSV
  • VZV
  • Mumps
  • HIV
37
Q

What are the fungal causes of meningitis

A
  • Cryptococcus
38
Q

What is the most common viral cause of encephalitis?

A
  • HSV
39
Q

Which bacteria commony causes osteomyelitis?

A
  • S. aureus
40
Q

Which bacteria commonly cause a reactive arthritis?

A
  • Campylobacter
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
  • Chlamydia
  • Gonococcus
41
Q

Which bacteria are capable of causing a septic arthritis?

A
  • S. aureus
  • Salmonella
  • Gonococcus
  • TB
  • Borrelia
42
Q

Which bacteria are able to cause skin and soft tissue infection?

A
  • S. aureus
  • S. pyogenes
  • Pseudomonas
  • Acinetobacter
43
Q

Which viruses commonly cause skin and soft tissue infections?

A
  • VZV
  • HSV
  • Molluscum contagiosum
44
Q

Which funguses commonly causes skin and soft tissue infection?

A
  • Dermatophytes
  • Candidia

Laboratory Medicine (7 decks)

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