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ID unit 1 > intro > Flashcards

intro Flashcards

1
Q

features common to both gram positive and negative bacteria

A

Both have flagellum, pilus, capsule, peptidoglycan layer (large in gram +, small in gram -), cytoplasmic membrane

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2
Q

Features unique to gram positive bacteria

A

teichoic acid and thick peptidoglycan layer. They have a cell wall

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3
Q

Features unique to gram neg bacteria

A

endotoxin/LPS (outer membrane) and thin peptidoglycan layer.

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4
Q

function and structure of peptidoglycan layer

A

sugar backbone with cross-linked peptide side chains. Gives rigid support, protects against osmotic pressure

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5
Q

List the surface antigens for bacteria and their functions

A

gram pos: cell wall containing teichoic acid. Gram neg: lipopolysaccharide/endotoxin in outer membrane. The surface antigens induce TNF and IL-1

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6
Q

Structure/function of bacterial capsule

A

polysaccharide- protects against phagocytosis

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7
Q

function of pilus

A

Adherence of bacteria to cell surface. Sex pilus forms attachment btw 2 bacteria during conjugation

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8
Q

gram stain procedure

A

heat slide (kill bacteria) > crystal violet > iodine (binds crystal violet to gram + cell wall) > acetone (decolorizer removes stain from gram neg cells) > safranin (counterstain)

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9
Q

List gram positive cocci

A

staphylococcus, streptococcus.

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10
Q

list gram positive rods

A

listeria, clostridium

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11
Q

list gram negative cocci

A

neisseria (gonorrheae and meningitidis), moraxella

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12
Q

list gram negative rods

A

e.coli, pseudomona

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13
Q

List non-gram staining cocci

A

legionella, mycobacteria, spirochetes

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14
Q

list non-gram staining rods

A

rickettsia, mycoplasma, chlamydia

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15
Q

list bacteria that cause skin/soft tissue infection

A

staph aureus, group A strep, Group B strep, clostridium perfringens

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16
Q

list bacteria that cause endocarditis

A

subacute: strep. Viridians, enterococcus. Acute: staph aureus, strep pneumoniae

17
Q

list bacteria that cause enteritis

A

vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic E. coli

18
Q

bacteria causing colitis

A

shigella, salmonella, c. jejuni, clostridium difficile

19
Q

bacteria causing pneumonia

A

strep pneumoniae, h. influenza, moraxella. Atypicals: mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia, legionella pneumophilia, mycobacterium tuberculosis

20
Q

bacteria causing meningitis

A

s. pneumoniae, neisseria meningitidis, H. influenza, listeria

21
Q

bacteria cuasing intra-abdominal infections

A

e. coli, klebsiella, anaerobes, enterococcus

22
Q

bacteria causing STDs

A

n. gonorrhoea, chlamydia trachomatis, treponema pallidum (syphilis)

23
Q

bacteria causing sepsis

A

Staph aureus, s. pneumoniae, e coli, klebsiella, ps aeruginosa

24
Q

Name the four questions one can ask when evaluating a patient with presumed infectious disease

A
  1. is it infection. 2. where is it. 3. what are the bugs. 4. what are the drugs
25
Q

list lactose fermentering GNR

A

e coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, Arizona salmonella

26
Q

list non-lactose fermentering GNRs

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella, shigella, H flu

27
Q

sources of GNRs

A

intestines, urine, lungs

28
Q

Staph features

A

Cocci, clusters, catalase positive. S. Aureus is coagulase positive. S. epidermidis is coagulase negative and usually in CNS

29
Q

strep features

A

cocci, pairs/chains, catalse negative. Beta form is bad.

30
Q

Listeria features

A

aerobic small rods.

31
Q

Clostridium features

A

large rods, anaerobic, form spores

32
Q

gram pos vs neg response to drugs

A

Gram positive are accessible to drugs. Gram negative less accessible due to outer membrane.

33
Q

sources of anaerobes

A

oral, lungs, intestines, female GU tract

34
Q

List pattern recognition receptors

A

Surface: TLRs. Cytosolic: NOD, TLR. Extracellular: CD1, LBP

35
Q

What do PRRs recognize

A

MAMPS: micro-organism associated molecular patterns (PAMPS). DAMPS: damage associated molecular patterns

36
Q

For each TLR list what it recognizes

A

TLR2 (+ TLR 1 or 6): peptidoglycan/ lipopeptides. TLR3: viral dsRNA. TLR4: bacterial LPS. TLR5: bacterial flagellin. TLR11: uropathigenic bacteria products. TLR3, 7, 8 and 9 (in endosomes): nucleic acids. TLR7 and 8: viral ssRNA

37
Q

causes of non-infectious fevers

A

cancer, chemicals (drugs), collagen/vascular (lupus, vasculitis), clot, central fever (rare), consider (hyperthermia, thyroid, cholesterol emboli, pheo, sarcoid, MI)

38
Q

Name two bacteria that cause disease every time

A

measles and ebola

ID unit 1 (12 decks)

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