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Parasitology And entomology > Filariasis > Flashcards

Filariasis Flashcards

0
Q

what are the species of subcutaneous tissue nematodes?

A

dracunculus medinensis
onchocerca volvulus
Loa loa

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1
Q

name species of lymphatic tissue nematodes

A

wuchereria bancrofti
brugia malayi
brugia timori

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2
Q

what tissue nematodes at the conjunctiva?

A

Loa loa

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3
Q

the disease filariasis also known as……..

A

elephantitis

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4
Q

filariasis in Malaysia caused by……

A

brugia malayi

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5
Q

diagnostic stage of Brugia malayi is…….

A

presence of microfilaria in blood

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6
Q

Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi are nocturnal and sub-periodic periodicity. the best time to take blood for diagnosis is……

A

at night, greater no of microfilaria in blood.

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7
Q

name the vectors for lymphatic filariasis

A

Culex, Aedes - china, India, Indonesia
Anopheles - Malaysia
Mansonia - Brugia filariasis

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8
Q

diagnostic stage for lymphatic filariasis

A

sheathed microfilaria in blood and lymph

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9
Q

infective stage of lymphatic filariasis

A

L3 larvae

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10
Q

reproduction of lymphatic filariasis is through…..

A

sexual reproduction of male and female adult worms

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11
Q

pathogenic lymphatic filaria can cause…..

A

adult worm reside at lymphatic vessels causing primary lesion, lymph stasis results fibrosis ➡️ obstruction to lymphatic drainage ➡️ massive oedema-elephantitis

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12
Q

describe the morphology of filariae

A

female larger than male
worm like with larger head (no nucleus) and tapered tail
multiple nuclei at body

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13
Q

explain how microfilaria causes chyluria in filariasis

A

renal lymphatic sys dilated caused by mf ▶️ ruptured ▶️ lymph fluid passed into renal pelvic ▶️ milky urine. haematuria and proteinuria may also present

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14
Q

clinical diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis

A

Acute - lymphadenitis

chronic - elephantitis

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15
Q

explain the morphology of Wuchereria bancrofti

A

no terminal nuclei, sheath faintly stained, sweeping curve appearance, discrete nuclei

16
Q

define morphology of Brugia malayi

A

2 distinct nuclei, kinky appearance, sheath well stained, blurred compact nuclei

17
Q

diagnostic method of lymphatic filariasis

A

ELISA, thick and thin blood smear taken at night,

18
Q

management of lymphatic filariasis

A

drugs- DEC, Albendazole +ivermectin, antibiotic (secondary), apply pressure for elephantitis, foot hygiene

19
Q

Dracunculus medinensis is also known as…..

A

guinea worm

20
Q

name the reservoir for Dracunculus medinensis

A

dogs or fur-bearing animal that’ve contact with water containing infective cyclops

21
Q

How humans get infected with Dracunculus medinensis?

A

drinking water contaminated by cyclops containing L3 larvae of Dracunculus medinensis

22
Q

describe the life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis

A

water containing L3 larvae in cyclops ▶️ cyclops die, L3 larvae release, penetrate stomach and intestinal wall, mature and reproduce sexually, male dies ▶️ fertilized female migrate to skin, discharge larva ▶️ female emerge from skin, L1 larvae released into water ▶️ L1 larvae consume by cyclops ▶️ L1 to L3 in cyclop

23
Q

clinical diagnosis of guinea worm disease

A

increase WBC- eosinophils, observe ulcer, flood with water to recover larvae, serum immunology, x-ray (reveals worm at infected area)

24
Q

treatment of Guinea Worm Disease

A

flood ulcerated area, gentle traction to pull worm slowly, stop when resistence met, worm wrapped around stick to mantain tension and encourage more worms to come out
topical antibiotic

25
Q

Onchocerca volvulus also known as…..

A

thread worm

26
Q

what is the vector for Onchocerca volvulus

A

blackfly (genus Simulium), usually many repeated bites are needed to cause pathogenicity

27
Q

describe the life cycle of Onchocerca volvulus

A

L3 larvae entar through blackfly bite ▶️ infect subcutaneous tissue, mature, mate ▶️ produce unsheathed microfilariae usually at skin, can be in blood, urine, sputum ▶️ blackfly take bloodmeal ▶️ L1 to L3 ▶️ migrate to head and prboscis ▶️ infect by blackfly to other human

28
Q

describe the clinical presentation of Onchocerca volvulus

A

sypmtoms 1-3 years after infection, at time adult females produce microfilariae
causes : rashes, papular skin lesion, subcut nodules, itch, depigment skin, lymphadenitis, eye lesion (blindness)

29
Q

diagnosis of Onchocerciasis by Onchocerca volvulus

A

skin snip, slit-lamp examination (visualize the larvae), serologic test specific for Onchocerca: OV-16 antigen antibody test and LIPS assay, PCR

30
Q

describe the management of Onchocerciasis

A

Ivermectin (kill larvae only)
Doxycycline (able to kill adult worm)
no vaccine

31
Q

preventive measure of Onchocerciasis

A

repellant, wearing long sleeves and long pants during the day

32
Q

Vector for Loa loa is…

A

deerfly (day time)

33
Q

loaiasis caused by Loa loa also known as….

A

Loa loa filariasis, Filaria loa, Filaria lacriminalis, Filaria subconjunctivalis, Calabar swellings, Fugitive swelling.

34
Q

describe the life cycle of Loa loa in deerfly..

A

deerfly takes bloodmeal ▶️ microfilariae shed sheath, penetrate fly’s midgut, migrate to thoracic muscle ▶️ L1 larvae mature to L3 ▶️ migrate to fly’s sproboscis ▶️ enter human host when deerfly takes bloodmeal

35
Q

clinical presentation of Loaiasis

A

can be asymptomatic, swelling of eyelids, calabar swelling/retinopathy, lipymphadenitis

36
Q

diagnosis of Loaiasis

A

clinical presentation (eye), eosinophilia on blood test after travel, larvae identificTion taken from blood smear between 10am to 2pm, serology

37
Q

Management of Loaiasis

A

Diethercarbamazine (DEC) -kill adult worm and microfilariae
surgical removal of worm from infected eye
protection from fly bite (repellant)

Parasitology And entomology (7 decks)

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