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Human Anatomy & Physiology > 1 Chemistry Comes Alive > Flashcards

1 Chemistry Comes Alive Flashcards

0
Q

composed of fatty acids and glycerol
neutral fats
or fats

A

Triglycerides

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1
Q

96% of the human body is composed of these elements.

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

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2
Q

Fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds, between carbon atoms are said to be

A

Unsaturated
Monounsaturate
Polyunsaturated

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3
Q

Globular proteins that act as biological catalyst, increases or accelerate the rate of biochemical reactions.

A

enzymes

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4
Q

True or False

Some enzymes are purely protein

A

True

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5
Q

The protein portion of enzyme is

A

Apoenzyme

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6
Q

2 parts of functional enzyme

A

holoenzyme(apoenzyme)

cofactor

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7
Q

Which is true, each enzyme is

a) Chemically specific
b) one part called apoenzyme
c) enzyme slow the process of metabolism
d) Chemically the same structure

A

a) Chemically specific

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8
Q

Most organic cofactors are derived from

A

B complex vitamins, precisely called coenzyme

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9
Q

causes the active site to change shape so that the substrate and the active site fit together precisely

A

substrate binding

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10
Q

the product of enzyme reaction where is

A

reactant

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11
Q

What would be the least effective method to control blood cholesterol levels?

A

eat more insoluble fiber

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12
Q

Approximately what percentage of the lipids in foods are triglycerides?

A

95

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13
Q

Unsaturated fats are also called

A

oil

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14
Q

Fatty acids

A

chains of hydrocarbons (16-18 long), end in group of atoms known as carboxyl group

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15
Q

a single proton without an electron

A

hydrogen ion

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16
Q

are modified form of lipid, the primary structural component of cell membranes

A

phospholipids

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17
Q

complex carbohydrates are called

A

polysaccharides

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18
Q

oligo means

A

few

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19
Q

poly means

A

many

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20
Q

is a fundamental form of matter that cannot be broken down to a simpler form.

A

element

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21
Q

elements are made up of particles called

A

atom

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22
Q

the central core of an atom is

A

nucleus

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23
Q

The nucleus of an atom is made of

A

protons & neutrons

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24
Q

orbits the nucleus

A

electrons

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25
Q

Atoms with either more or fewer neutrons than the usual number for the element are called

A

Isotopes

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26
Q

consist of of a stable association between two or more atoms

A

molecules

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27
Q

Types of energy (4)

A

1) Chemical Energy
2) Electrical Energy
3) Mechanical Energy
4) Radiant Energy or Electromagnetic Energy

28
Q

For any atom, the number of protons and electrons, is always

A

equal

29
Q

What determines the unique properties of each element?

A

Different numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons

30
Q

is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus and is written as a subscript to the left of its atomic symbol

A

Atomic Number

31
Q

₂⁴He indicate what is the subscript 2 and superscript 4

A

2 is the atomic number or the number of proton and 4 is the mass number minus the atomic number

32
Q

is the average of the relative weights (mass numbers) of all the isotopes of an element, taking into account their relative abundance in nature

A

Atomic weight

33
Q

An atom that has lost 2 electrons is called

A

cation

34
Q

an atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, 10 electrons is a

A

cation

35
Q

In order to break a disaccharide down into simple sugar units:
A)Carbon atoms must be added to each bond.
B)Water molecules must be removed from each bond
C)Water molecules and carbon atoms must be removed from each bond.
D) Water molecule must be added to each bond

A

D

36
Q

Which of the following substances below is matched with its correct organic group?

a) steroids-carbohydrates
b) enzymes-protein
c) monosaccharides-nucleic acid
d) glycerol-proteins

A

B

37
Q

The organic compounds that function in building and acting as enzymes

A

Proteins

38
Q

Elements with different structural variation which have the same number of protons and electrons but differ in number of neutrons are called:

A

isotopes

39
Q

The unstable state of many elements of heavier isotopes as their atoms decompose spontaneously into more stable forms is called?
`````````````

A

radioisotopes

40
Q

found as a salt in bones and teeth, its ionic form (Ca²⁺) is required for muscle contraction, conduction of nerve impulses and blood clotting.

A

Calcium

41
Q

Functions of calcium

A

Required for muscle contraction
Conduction of nerve impulses
Blood clotting

42
Q

Functions of Phosphorus

A

Part of ATP
Part of calcium phosphate salts in bones and teeth
Present in the nucleic acid

43
Q

Major positive ion in cells, necessary for conduction of nerve impulses and muscle contraction

A

Potassium (K⁺)

44
Q

component of proteins, particularly muscle proteins

A

Sulfur

45
Q

Which of the following DNA bases are complementary?

a) Adenine and Guanine
b) Adenine and Thymine
c) Cytosine and Adenine
d) Guanine and Uracil

A

b

46
Q

Name the four nucleotides that compose the DNA

A

A(Adenine), T(Thymine), C(Cytosine),G(Guanine)

47
Q

of bonds for C (Carbon)

A

4

48
Q

of bonds for N (Nitrogen)

A

3

49
Q

of bonds for O (Oxygen)

A

2

50
Q

of bonds for H

A

1

51
Q

of bonds for F (flourine)

A

1

52
Q

of bonds for Cl

A

1

53
Q

of bonds for Br

A

1

54
Q

of bonds for I (iodine)

A

1

55
Q

of bonds for P (phosphorus)

A

3 or 5

56
Q

of bonds for S (Sulfur)

A

2 or 6

57
Q

Bonding representation of C

A

|
–– C ––
|

58
Q

Bonding representation of N

A

|

––N––

59
Q

Bonding representation of O

A

–– O ––

60
Q

Bonding representation of H,F,Cl, Br & I

A

H–, Fl–,Cl–,Br–, I–

61
Q

Bonding representation of P

A

|| |

–– P –– , –– P––

62
Q

Bonding representation of S

A

–S– , ||

–– S ––

63
Q

freezing point in °F

A

32°F

64
Q

boiling point in °F

A

212°F

65
Q

Freezing point in °C

A

0°C

66
Q

Boiling point in °C

A

100°C

67
Q

Formula for Kelvin scale

A

K= °C + 273

68
Q

Formula for converting °C → °F

A

°C= (°F - 32°F)(5/9)(°C/°F)

Human Anatomy & Physiology (4 decks)

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