33 Anthelminthic drugs Flashcards
(39 cards)
33.01 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Mebendazole (similar: tiabendazole, albendazole) - actions
anthelminthic agent
33.01 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Mebendazole (similar: tiabendazole, albendazole) - MOA
inhibits microtubule synthesis, impairing microtubule functions such as glucose uptake
33.01 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Mebendazole (similar: tiabendazole, albendazole) - abs/distrib/elim
given orally
poor uptake is improved by fatty foods
33.01 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Mebendazole (similar: tiabendazole, albendazole) - clinical use
thread worm, round worm, whip worm and hookworm infections
albendazole also used for cutaneous larva migrans, cysticercosis, strongyloidiases
33.01 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Mebendazole (similar: tiabendazole, albendazole) - adverse effects
GIT disturbances, rash
rarely convulsions in infants
33.01 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Mebendazole (similar: tiabendazole, albendazole) - special points
mebendazole is considered unsuitable for pregnant women or children <2 years old
33.02 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Levamisole - actions
a narrow-spectrum anthelminthic agent
33.02 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Levamisole - MOA
causes tonic paralysis of the worm by stimulating nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction
the paralysed worms (but not the ova) are expelled in the faeces
33.02 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Levamisole - abs/distrib/elim
given orally
plasma half-life 4h
33.02 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Levamisole - clinical use
common round worm infection
33.02 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Levamisole - adverse effects
mild GIT disturbances
33.02 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Levamisole - special points
drug has been withdrawn from North American market
33.03 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Piperazine - actions
a narrow-spectrum anthelminthic agent
33.03 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Piperazine - MOA
reverses neuromuscular transmission in the worm
the paralysed worms are expelled alive in the faeces
33.03 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Piperazine - abs/distrib/elim
given orally
33.03 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Piperazine - clinical use
common round worm infection
33.03 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Piperazine - adverse effects
GIT disturbances
rash, bronchospasm
some patients experience CNS symptoms, e.g. dizziness, paraesthesias
33.03 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Piperazine - special points
discontinued in United Kingdom
not suitable for pregnant women or for patients with impaired renal or hepatic function
33.04 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Praziquantel - actions
a broad-spectrum anthelminthic agent
33.04 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Praziquantel - MOA
increases the calcium permeability of the cell membranes, promoting calcium influx, resulting in prolonged contraction of muscle with eventual paralysis and death
33.04 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Praziquantel - abs/distrib/elim
given orally, well absorbed, metabolised to inactive products
plasma half-life 60-90min
33.04 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Praziquantel - clinical use
schistosomiasis, cysticercosis
33.04 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Praziquantel - adverse effects
few and minor: sometimes GIT disturbances
33.04 ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
Praziquantel - special points
considered safe for pregnant and lactating women