3.3 - Halogenoalkanes

Question 1

Conditions for Hydrolysis of Halogenoalkanes?

Answer 1

|> Aqueous

|> Room Temp

Question 2

Reagents for Hydrolysis of Halogenoalkanes?

Answer 2

|> Aqueous Hydroxides e.g. NaOH, KOH

Question 3

General Equation for the formation of Nitriles?

Answer 3

RX + CN⁻ |> RCN + X⁻

Question 4

Why is Silver Iodide the fastest to form in reaction with Silver Nitrate Solution?

Answer 4

|> C-I bond is weakest

|> Eₐ is lower so there is a greater proportion of successful collisions in the same unit of time

Question 5

Reactions for the Catalysed Breakdown of the Ozone Layer?

Answer 5

Cl⋅ + O₃ |> O₂ +ClO⋅

ClO⋅ + O₃ |> 2O₂ + Cl⋅

Question 6

What test can be used to determine the rate of Hydrolysis?

Answer 6

Silver Nitrate Precipitate Test

Question 7

What is the Nucleophile of a Hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 7

∶OH⁻

Question 8

Overall reaction for the Breakdown of the Ozone Layer?

Answer 8

2O₃ |> 3O₂

Question 9

What is the Base in an Elimination reaction?

Answer 9

∶OH⁻

Question 10

Nucleophile or Base when forming Amines?

Answer 10

Both

Question 11

What does the breakdown of CFCs form?

Answer 11

Chlorine Radicals

Question 12

2 examples of Alternative organohalogen compounds?

Answer 12

CF₃ & C₄H₁₀

Question 13

Why do Halogenoalkanes undergo Nucleophilic Substitution?

Answer 13

Contain a δ⁺ Carbon that attracts nucleophiles

Question 14

Why is the Ozone layer Beneficial?

Answer 14

Absorbs UV radiation

Question 15

Why can Silver Nitrate Solution not determine rate of Hydrolysis of 1-fluorobutane?

Answer 15

AgF is soluble

Question 16

Some uses of Halogenoalkanes?

Answer 16

|> Refrigerants
|> Solvents
|> Pharmaceuticals

Question 17

Why can’t water be used in formation of Nitriles?

Answer 17

Water has OH⁻ ions

Question 18

Define: Elimination

Answer 18

A reaction in which an atom/(group of atoms) is removed from a reactant

Question 19

Why is using CF₃ better than using CFCs?

Answer 19

|> no C-Cl bond

|> Breaks far above Ozone Layer

Question 20

Define: Base

Answer 20

H⁺ acceptor

Question 21

Define: Hydrolysis

Answer 21

Breaking of a Bond using Water

Question 22

What does a Double-headed Curly Arrow show?

Answer 22

Movement of a pair of electrons

Question 23

Role of ∶OH⁻ in an Elimination reaction?

Answer 23

Base

Question 24

What is the Nucleophile in formation of Amines?

Answer 24

∶NH₃

Question 25

Why is using C₄H₁₀ better than using CFCs?

Answer 25

|> no C-Cl bond | |> Breaks below Ozone Layer

Question 26

What has been developed as a replacement for CFCs?

Answer 26

Alternative organohalogen compounds that do not contain Cl

Question 27

Reagent when forming Amines?

Answer 27

Excess NH₃

Question 28

What is formed when a halogenoalkane reacts with Excess ammonia?

Answer 28

Amines

Question 29

Why are CFCs less of an issue today?

Answer 29

Ban Imposed

Question 30

What can UV radiation cause?

Answer 30

Skin cancer

Question 31

What does the reaction of a halogenoalkane with Cyanide increase?

Answer 31

Length of Carbon Chain

Question 32

What do Chlorine Radicals Catalyse?

Answer 32

Breakdown of Ozone Layer

Question 33

What carbon is a Nitrile group always named with?

Answer 33

No. 1

Question 34

Why are Halogenoalkanes more reactive than Alkanes?

Answer 34

Contain a polar bond

Question 35

In an Elimination reaction, what does a Halogenoalkane react to form?

Answer 35

Alkene

Question 36

Nucleophile or Base in formation of Nitriles?

Answer 36

Nucleophile

Question 37

Define: Nucleophile

Answer 37

Electron Pair Donor

Question 38

What is the Base in the formation of Amines?

Answer 38

∶NH₃

Question 39

What is formed when Halogenoalkanes react with KCN?

Answer 39

Nitriles

Question 40

Why is there no Termination step of Chlorine radicals in the Ozone layer?

Answer 40

conc. of Cl⋅ is very low

Question 41

General Formula of Halogenoalkanes?

Answer 41

CnH₂n₊₁X

Question 42

General Equation for Hydrolysis?

Answer 42

NaOH(aq) + RCH₂X |> NaX + RCH₂OH

Question 43

Reaction for the Breaking down of CFCs?

Answer 43

CF₂Cl₂ |> CF₂Cl⋅ + Cl⋅

Question 44

General Equation for forming Amines?

Answer 44

RX + 2NH₃ |> RNH₂ + NH₄X

Question 45

Nucleophile or Base in Hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 45

Nucleophile

Question 46

What is the Nucleophile in formation of Nitriles?

Answer 46

∶CN⁻

Question 47

Conditions for forming Amines from Halogenoalkanes?

Answer 47

Aqueous | Warm

Question 48

Reagent for formation of Nitriles?

Answer 48

NaCN or KCN

Question 49

Reagent for the Elimination of Halogenoalkanes?

Answer 49

NaOH

Question 50

Conditions for formation of Nitriles?

Answer 50

Ethanol Solvent | Warm

Question 51

Conditions for Elimination of Halogenoalkanes?

Answer 51

Ethanol Solvent | Reflux (boiling & recondensing w/ no gas escaping)

Question 52

Reversible Reaction for Ozone formation?

Answer 52

O₃ < | > O₂ + O⋅⋅ fwd: UV light reverse: infrared radiation

Question 53

Nucleophile or Base in Elimination reaction of Halogenoalkanes?

Answer 53

Base