3.3 - Industry Flashcards
Describe the industrial system:
inputs - raw materials, labour, money, site
processes - manufacturing, assembly, R&D
outputs - manufactured products, waste, profit
Similar to the agricultural system
For processes you can put anything really, like welding, electroplating, melting, painting, etc
Name and describe the 4 types of industry:
manufacturing - raw materials made into products
processing - changing raw materials into usable products (eg oil/sugar refinery)
assembly - putting together manufactured parts to make a larger, more complex product
high technology - uses advanced/technological methods for research (quaternary) to gain competitive edge, usually producing drugs/vaccines, electronics, etc
What factors may attract high technology industries to an area?
-skilled workforce with presence of universities
-goverment investment into science parks/research institutions
-pre-existing reputation for high tech industries
-good transport links
-attractive + greenfield sites
How does the increase in high technology industries benefit the people and economy?
-higher wages + employment
-more money for country, increased GDP
-taxed income leads to the improvement of public services (education/healthcare), longer life expectancy
-better infrastructure (water/gas/electricity), higher standards of living
Explain some factors that influence the location and distribution of industrial areas:
land - ideally cheap/flat land with room for expansion (greenfield)
labour - should be near areas with labour markets/cities, ideal for labour intensive industry
raw materials/energy - needs to be cheap in capital (money) intensive industry to supply the 3 components of an industrial system
-transport
political influences - eg tax rates on businesses, or trading blocs for easier distribution
Why are good transport links necessary when deciding the location of a factory?
-need to be able to import the raw materials into the factory easily
-to transport them to the market (needs quick transport especially if they are perishable products)
-exporting products to other countries
-workers need easy-access transport
