33 - Infection Control

Question 1

Communicable disease

Answer 1

the condition in which the infection can transmitted from one person to another.

Question 2

Chain of Infection

Answer 2

Infectious agent or pathogen
Reservoir or source for pathogen growth
Portal of exit from the reservoir
Modes of transmission
Portal of entry to a host
Susceptible host

Question 3

Resident flora

Answer 3

deep residing. Permanent resident organisms on skin where they can reside an multiply without causing har. Hard to remove by hand washing without lots of friction. Need antimicrobial agents to remove. Can enter through incision on body,

Question 4

Transient microorganisms (flora)

Answer 4

move around and go from object/person/person. Easily removed by hand washing

Question 5

reservoir

Answer 5

a place where a pathogen can survive but may or may not multiply.

Question 6

Colonization

Answer 6

pathogens present but no harm caused

Question 7

Carriers

Answer 7

individuals/animals that don’t have symptoms but can carry the pathogen that can be spread to others

Question 8

Portal of Exit

Answer 8

The path by which the pathogen leaves the reservoir

Question 9

Contact transmission

Answer 9

Direct - from person to person (skin to skin)

Indirect – from person to object to person (eg. Patient to linen to nurse)

Question 10

Droplet transmission

Answer 10

large particles from respiratory sys propelled through air

Question 11

Airborne transmission

Answer 11

small particles remain suspended in air for long periods

Question 12

Vehicle transmission

Answer 12

single contained source transmits to multiple hosts

Question 13

Vectorborne transmission

Answer 13

insects/pests transmit microbes to humans

Question 14

Susceptible Host

Answer 14

Degree of resistance/susceptibility to a pathogen

Resistance increased by immunizations and actual contracting of the disease

Question 15

Pathogenicity

Answer 15

how capable of pathogen of causing disease

Question 16

Incubation period

Answer 16

time between pathogen entering and manifestation of 1st symptoms
Ex. Common cold has 1-2day, chicken pox 2-3 weeks, COVID 14days

Question 17

Prodromal stage

Answer 17

interval from non-specific symptoms to specific. Likely most contagious because your growing all the organisms
Ex. Common cold we feel “achy”

Question 18

Illness stage

Answer 18

specific symptoms

Ex. Common cold nose starts running or sore throat

Question 19

Convalescence

Answer 19

acute symptoms dissipate and body tried to replenish resources and reach homeostasis
Ex. Don’t feel perfect, still recovering

Question 20

Inflammatory exudate

Answer 20

• accumulated fluid, dead tissues, WBC.

May be 1) sengenous (contains blood) 2) serosanguineous (blood tinged) or 3) purulent (thick drainage with pus)

Question 21

sengenous

Answer 21

contains blood

Question 22

serosanguineous

Answer 22

blood tinged

Question 23

nosocomial or iatrogenic infections

Answer 23

Hospital-acquired infections (HAI)

Example: Clostridium difficile infection (CDiff). Very infectious

Question 24

Exogenous infection

Answer 24

infectious that’s external to individual (don’t exisist as normal flora)

Question 25

Endogenous infection

Answer 25

infectious that results from overgrowth of normal flora (yeast infection, streep throat)

Question 26

Asepsis

Answer 26

absence of bateria and virus process for keeping away disease producing microorganism Medical and surgical asepsis

Question 27

Cleaning

Answer 27

physical removal of foreign material

Question 28

Disinfection

Answer 28

elimination of all pathogens except bacteria spores

Question 29

Sterilization

Answer 29

destruction of all microorganisms including spores (cleaned them steamed under pressure with certain chemicals)