3.3: Molecular Shapes and Dipoles

Question 1

Define stereochemsitry

Answer 1

study of the 3-D spatial configuration of molecules and how this affects their reactivity

Question 2

Define VSEPR Theory

Answer 2

valence-shell-electron-pair-repulsion-theory, based on the repulsion of bonded and unbonded electron pairs

Question 3

Define polar molecule

Answer 3

where electrons not distributed throughout atom rather it has a positively charged opposite side, water atom

Question 4

Define nonpolar molecule

Answer 4

where electrons are distributed throughout and the atom has a neutral charge

Question 5

Define nonpolar covalent bond

Answer 5

where they atoms share the electrons

Question 6

Define polar covalent bond

Answer 6

where an ionic compound is formed as an atom gave up or receive electrons

Question 7

In an ionic compound which side of the compound is classified as slightly negative?

Answer 7

The side spending more time near the nucleus of the other atom

Question 8

In an ionic compound which side is classified as slightly positive

Answer 8

the side that of the bond further away from the nucleus

Question 9

what happens as the electronegativity difference of the atoms increases?

Answer 9

the more polar the bond is

Question 10

Define bond dipole

Answer 10

charge separation shown by arrows, caused by the difference in electronegativity causing the electrons to shift making one end more positive and the other more negative

Question 11

How to know when a bond is a polar molecule?

Answer 11

When the bond dipoles add to produce a nonzero molecular dipole, instead they make up an overall dipole number

Question 12

How to know when a bond is a nonpolar molecule?

Answer 12

When there is 1 central atom, bonds add up to produce a zero molecular dipole, the vector sum is zero.

Question 13

What does it mean by “likes will dissolve likes”?

Answer 13

polars will dissolve polar, nonpolar will dissolve polars.