3.3 RBC Synthesis

Question 0

Precursor cells of platelets

Answer 0

Megakaryocyt

Question 1

Predominant cell in the body

Answer 1

RBC

Question 2

Extravascular form of monocytes in brain? Liver? Bone? Skin?

Answer 2

Microglia, Kupffer cells, osteoclasts and histiocytes

Question 3

Granulocytes that are increased during bacterial infection

Answer 3

Neutrophil

Question 4

Granulocytes that increase during parasitic infections and allergic reactions

Answer 4

Eosinophils

Question 5

Responsible for the production of histamine and heparin. Also the least among leukocytes.

Answer 5

Basophil

Question 6

Lymphocytes that mature and differentiate in the thymus

Answer 6

T-Cells

Question 7

CD8. Specifically attack viral infected cells, tumor cells, transplants or grafted cells.

Answer 7

Cytotoxic cells

Question 8

Suppress the immune system so it will not damage itself

Answer 8

Suppressor T Cell

Question 9

Smallest immunoglobulin that can pass through the placenta. Involved in secondary response.

Answer 9

IgG

Question 10

Largest immunoglobulin and is involved in the primary response

Answer 10

IgM

Question 11

Immunoglobulin that responds to parasitic infections and allergies

Answer 11

IgE

Question 12

Protein responsible for biconcave shape of RBCs

Answer 12

Spectrin

Question 13

Percentage of cells in the blood

Answer 13

Hematocrit

Question 14

Protein inside the RBC that binds with oxygen

Answer 14

Hemoglobin

Question 15

Produced in response to tissue hypoxia. Produced 90% in kidneys and 10% in liver.

Answer 15

Erythropoietin

Question 16

Increase in number of large fragile RBC

Answer 16

Megaloblastic anemia

Question 17

Folic acid deficiency: vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 17

Neural tube defects: neural deficiencies

Question 18

Lasts stage of RBC with nucleus

Answer 18

Orthochromatophilic eryhthroblast

Question 19

Set of destruction of Hgb

Answer 19

Spleen

Question 20

Produced in liver. Secreted into bile and duodenum. Absorbed in small intestine. Transports iron

Answer 20

Transferrin

Question 21

Storage form of iron

Answer 21

Ferritin

Question 22

Additional storage of iron

Answer 22

Hemosiderin

Question 23

Cyclic compounds formed by linkage of four pyrolle rings through methyne bridges

Answer 23

Porphyrins

Question 24

Cyclic compounds formed by the linkage of four pyrrole rings through methyne bridges

Answer 24

Porphyrins

Question 25

Kind of porphyrin found in hemoglobin

Answer 25

Iron porphyrin

Question 26

Site where initial and last steps of heme synthesis happens

Answer 26

Mitochondria.

Question 27

Enzyme in formation of d-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). What is its cofactor?

Answer 27

ALA synthase. Pyridoxine

Question 28

Which is the hepatic form and erythroid form of ALA? Which is feedback regulated and not regulated?

Answer 28

ALAS-1 ( Hepatic form, feedback regulated) | ALAS-2 (erythroid form, not-feedback regulated)

Question 29

Enzyme responsible for the formation of porphobilinogen. It contains zinc. It can also inhibited by other metals such as lead.

Answer 29

ALA dehydratase

Question 30

In the formation of uroporphyrinogen there are two possible pathways, I and III, which is more common?

Answer 30

Uroporphyrinogen III. Uroporphyrinogen I is found more in diseased blood.

Question 31

T/F protoporphyrin occurs spontaneously.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Rate of formation of protoporphyrin is enhanced by

Answer 32

Ferrocheletase which can also be inhibited by lead.

Question 33

Genetic or acquired disorders due to abnormalities in the pathway of biosynthesis of heme

Answer 33

Porphyria

Question 34

Most common porphyria. What are the most common symptoms?

Answer 34

Porphyria cutaneous Tarda. Photosensitivity, abdominal pain, neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Question 35

Pyridoxine deficiency associated with isoniazid therapy

Answer 35

Sideroblastic anemia with ringed sideroblasts

Question 36

Most common form of anemia

Answer 36

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 37

Inactivated many enzymes in heme synthesis. Specific enzymes include:

Answer 37

Lead poisoning. ALA dehydratase and ferrocheratase

Question 38

Enzyme involved in formation of bilirubin. Where does this happen?

Answer 38

Heme oxygenase. Reticuloendothelial cells

Question 39

Bilirubin attaches to what protein in the plasma for it to be transported to liver?

Answer 39

Albumin

Question 40

Bilirubin is conjugated in liver into what? What enzyme is involved in this reaction?

Answer 40

Two molecules of glucoronic acid. Bilirubin glucoronyltransferase

Question 41

Conjugated Bilirubin is secreted by the liver through formation of? It is stored in what organ?

Answer 41

Bile. Gallbladder. Bile: bilirubin+bile salts

Question 42

Conjugated bilirubin secreted by bile is absorbed by what organ? What does this organ do to it?

Answer 42

Small intestine. Oxidize it and makes it into stercobilin

Question 43

Blood Bilirubin>1mg

Answer 43

Hyperbilirubinemia

Question 44

Blood bilirubin > 2.5mg

Answer 44

Hyperbilirubinemia

Question 45

Induces bilirubin-metabolizing system

Answer 45

Phenobarbital