3.3 The Cells Of The Nervous System And Neurotransmitters At Synapses

Question 1

Chemical neurotransmitter or a drug that mimics one

Answer 1

Agonist

Question 2

Drug that inhibits transmission of nerve impulses

Answer 2

Antagonist

Question 3

Neural fibre that conducts impulses away from the cell body

Answer 3

Axon

Question 4

Pathway in which impulses from many neurons are passed to one neuron.

Answer 4

Converging neural pathway

Question 5

Neural fibre that conducts impulses towards the cell body.

Answer 5

Dendrite

Question 6

Decrease in number or sensitivity of synaptic receptors as a result of exposure to drugs.

Answer 6

Desensitisation

Question 7

Pathway in which impulses from one neuron are passed to many.

Answer 7

Diverging neural pathway

Question 8

Neurotransmitter involved in inducing the feeling of pleasure and other actions.

Answer 8

Dopamine

Question 9

Neurotransmitter involves in reducing intensity of pain and other actions.

Answer 9

Endorphin

Question 10

Signal that affects a receptor and which can be passed on.

Answer 10

Excitatory signal

Question 11

Cell in the nervous us system that physically supports neurons and produces myelin sheaths.

Answer 11

Glial cells

Question 12

Signal that affects a synaptic receptor but is not passed on.

Answer 12

Inhibitory signal

Question 13

Conducts impulses within the CNS, linking sensory and motor neurons.

Answer 13

Inter neuron

Question 14

Carries impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands.

Answer 14

Motor neuron

Question 15

Insulation of nerve fibres with myelin sheaths.

Answer 15

Myelination

Question 16

Layer of fatty insulation round a nerve fibre.

Answer 16

Myelin sheath

Question 17

Conducting nerve cell.

Answer 17

Neuron

Question 18

Chemical released into a synaptic cleft to transmit impulses to the next well.

Answer 18

Neurotransmitter

Question 19

Process by which phagocytes engulf and destroy foreign material.

Answer 19

Phagocytosis

Question 20

Capacity to form new neural pathways.

Answer 20

Plasticity

Question 21

Membrane of the neuron that contains receptors for neurotransmitters.

Answer 21

Post-synaptic membrane

Question 22

Membrane of the neuron that releases neurotransmitter.

Answer 22

Pre-synaptic membrane

Question 23

Protein found in the post-synaptic membrane that binds neurotransmitter.

Answer 23

Receptor

Question 24

Substance that changes neurochemistry; many are illegal.

Answer 24

Recreational drugs

Question 25

Pathway that recycles impulses round the same route.

Answer 25

Reverberating neural pathway

Question 26

Neural pathway that produces pleasure.

Answer 26

Reward pathway

Question 27

Increase in the number or sensitivity of receptors as a result of exposure to drugs.

Answer 27

Sensitisation

Question 28

Neuron that carries impulses into the CNS from a sense organ.

Answer 28

Sensory neuron

Question 29

Junction between neurons.

Answer 29

Synapse

Question 30

Gap between neurons at a synapse.

Answer 30

Synaptic cleft

Question 31

Tiny vacuole containing neurotransmitter; found in pre-synaptic neurons.

Answer 31

Synaptic vesicle