3.3 The Histology of the Gut Tube Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Layers of the Gut Tube found constantly throughout the Alimentary Tract?

A
  1. The Mucosa
    a) The Epithelium
    b) The Lamina Propria
    c) Muscularis Mucosae (Interna)
  2. The Sub-Mucosa
  3. The Muscularis Externa
    a) Circular Muscle
    b) Longitudinal Muscle
  4. The Serosa / Adventitia
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2
Q

What types of Muscle form the Muscularis Externa in the Oesophagus?

A

Proximal 1/3 - Skeletal Muscle
Middle 1/3 - Mix of Smooth Muscle and Skeletal Muscle
Distal 1/3 - Smooth Muscle

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3
Q

What kind of Surface Epithelium is present on the Oesophagus?

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium
(for the protective function)

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4
Q

What type of Muscle is the Muscularis Mucosae (Interna)?

A

Smooth Muscle

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5
Q

Where are the larger Blood Vessels found in the Oesophagus?

A

In the Sub-Mucosa

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6
Q

What are the large folds present in the wall of the Stomach known as?

A

Gastric Folds (Rugae)

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7
Q

What are the Gastric Pits?

A

They are indentations in the Stomach which denote entrances to the Tubular Gastric Glands

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8
Q

What do secretory cells are present in the Gastric Glands?

A

Surface Mucous Cells

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9
Q

What are the folds which extend into the Lumen of the Small Intestines called?

A

Circular, Mucosal Folds

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10
Q

What is superimposed on these Large Circular Mucosal Folds?

A

Villi - Finger like processes

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11
Q

What is the function of these Villi?

A

To increase the Surface area to aid absorption

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12
Q

What Surface Epithelium is present on the Villi?

A

Simple Columnar

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13
Q

What is present in the Lamina Propria?

A

Glands

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14
Q

Do the Glands extend further down than the Muscularis Mucosae (Interna)?

A

No

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15
Q

What are the names of these Glands which are adjacent to the Villi, and do not extend beyond the Muscularis Mucosae?

A

The Crypts of Lieberkuhn

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16
Q

What are the Crypts of Lieberkuhn responsible for?

A

The secretion of Intestinal “Juice”, and the replenishment of cells begins here

17
Q

Where along the Gut Tube do glands extend down beyond the Muscular Mucosae (Interna), into the Sub-Mucosa?

A
  1. In the Oesophagus
  2. In the Duodenum - Just above the Major Duodenal Papilla (Sphincter of Oddi)
18
Q

What is secreted from the Oesophageal Glands (Goblet Cells) in the Sub-Mucosa?

A

Mucin - For lubrication of the Bolus

19
Q

What is secreted from the Duodenal Glands (Goblet Cells) in the Sub-Mucosa?

A

Mucin rich Bicarbonate solution, to:
1. Neutralize the Acid Content of the Chyme
2. Allow the Intestinal Enzymes to be Active
3. Lubricate the Intestinal Walls

20
Q

What type of cells are present in the Surface Epithelium of Small Intestines?

A

Tall, Columnar, Enterocytes (Absorptive Cells)

21
Q

Where can Payers Patches (Lymph Nodules) be viewed?

A

Within the Mucosa of (mostly) the Ileum

22
Q

What are the 3 predominant cells present in the Surface Epithelium of the Colon?

A
  1. Columnar Absorptive Cells
  2. Goblet Cells
  3. Endocrine and Basal Stem Cells
23
Q

What do the Columnar Absorptive Cells absorb?

A

Water and Electrolytes

24
Q

What do the Goblet Cells secrete?

A

Mucin - as lubrication

25
Q

What kind of Surface Epithelium is present on the Recto-Anal Junction?

A

Stratified Squamous
(for the protective function)