Week 4 Vision Objective 3

Question 1

Layers of Retina (5)

Answer 1

Photoreceptor cells Horizontal cells Bipolar cells Amacrine cells Ganglion cells

Question 2

1. Photoreceptors

Answer 2

1. rods and cones 2. synapse with horizontal and bipolar cells 3. send signals to outer plexiform layer (layer of synaptic connections)

Question 3

2. Horizontal cells

Answer 3

Transmits signals from rods/cones to bipolar cells 2. transmits signal to outer plexiform layer 3. output ALWAYS inhibitory (lateral inhibition)

Question 4

3. Bipolar cells

Answer 4

1. transmits signals from rods, cones, horizontal cells TO inner plexiform layer 2. synapses with amacrine and ganglion cells

Question 5

4. Amacrine cells

Answer 5

1. Transmits signals directly from bipolar to ganglion cells 2. Transmits within inner plexiform layer FROM axons of bipolar cells to dendrites of ganglion cells or to other amacrine cells

Question 6

5. Ganglion cells

Answer 6

1. transmits signals from the retina to the brain 2. axons make up the optic nerve 3. ONLY RETINA CELLS THAT GENERATE AN ACTION SIGNAL 4. All the others use electrotonic conduction

Question 7

Interplexiform cells

Answer 7

Transmits signals from inner plexiform to outer plexiform later inhibitory signals lateral inhibition

Question 8

Fovea Region nervous circuitry

Answer 8

has three cells

1. cones
2. bipolar cells
3. ganglion cells

Question 9

Foveal region vs pure rod region

Answer 9

foveal has cone, rod, and bipolar cells

pure rod vision has four neurons: rods, bipolars, amacrine and ganglion cells

Question 10

Rods/cones synapse with bipolar cells they use

Answer 10

glutamate

Question 11

amacrine cells use what transmitters?

Answer 11

eight or more, so most of them, and all inhibitory