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Pathology > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

0
Q

What is the second line of defense against injury?

A

Immunity

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1
Q

What is the first line of defense against injury?

A

Inflammation

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2
Q

The acquired immune response defends the body against injury particularly against microorganisms. what does this response to do when an organism enters the body a second time?

A

It responds by remembering that micro organism.

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3
Q

Which response does not involve memory and is described with the first line of defense of inflammation?

A

Innate

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4
Q

Antigens are also foreign nonself substances which are also called what?

A

Immunogens

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5
Q

Antigens mainly consist of proteins and are microorganisms and they are field with what?

A

Toxins

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6
Q

What term is used to describe when the body does not recognize antigens

A

Immunodeficiency

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7
Q

What term is used for the body that over reacts to antigens

A

Hypersensitivity

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8
Q

Antigens being nonself include which of the following?

Organ transplant
Tissue graft
Blood transfusions

A

All

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9
Q

What is the cell that is primarily WBC involved in the Immune response?

A

Lymphocyte

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10
Q

In AIDS patients a certain sale is abnormal which sale is this

A

Natural killer cell

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11
Q

Where are lymphocytes derived from and what is the percentage of van that makes up the white blood cell portion?

A

Bone marrow

20-25%

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12
Q

What are the three main types of lymphocytes?

A

B cell
T cell
NK cell

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13
Q

B cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow they reside in mature in what kind of tissue

A

Lymphoid tissue/tonsils

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14
Q

The basic (Ig) structure of an antibody or immunoglobulin forms a Y shape describe the polypeptide chains.

A

There are 4 polypeptide chains.
Two identical heavy polypeptides
and two identical light polypeptides

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15
Q

There are two main types of B cells: memory and plasma cell.

which one retains memory of antigen

A

B memory

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16
Q

How does the B memory cell perform clonal selection?

A

It duplicates itself in order to have the capacity to recognize the antigen

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17
Q

Plasma cells produce and release copies of particular proteins in response to the presence of an antigen.

What are these proteins called

A

Antibodies

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18
Q

Antibodies are also called what

A

Immunoglobulins

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19
Q

Name the five different types of immunoglobulins

A

MADGE

Igm 
Iga 
Igd 
Igg 
Ige
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20
Q 
Describe what the immunoglobulins do. 
Igm
Iga 
Igd 
Igg 
Ige
A 
M.  First to react
A.  Tears, breastmilk
D.   Activates B cell
G.   75% of serum, passes thru placenta
E.    Parasites and histamine
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21
Q

What is the level of a specific antibodies in the blood called

A

Antibody Titer

22
Q

How is antibody titer measured

A

Laboratory tests

23
Q

What is the combination of a specific antibody with a specific antigen

A

Emu complex

24
Q

Where does the T lymphocytes mature

A

Thymus

25
Q

What lymphocyte his large at infancy and shrinks as individuals mature

A

T cell

26
Q

What are the four types of T cells

A

T helper
T suppressor
T memory
T cytotoxic

27
Q

What does the T-helper cells do

A

It increases the function of the B cell by a CD4 receptor

28
Q

What does the T suppressor cell do?

A

Turns off the Bcell

29
Q

What does the T cytotoxic cells do

A

Carries a CD8 marker and kills viruses and neoplasticism cells ( cancer )

30
Q

Cytokines activate macrophages the first cytokine discovered was a ________which has antiviral properties

A

Interferon

31
Q

Natural killer cells are part of the body’s inmate immunity

What is their ability

A

To destroy foreign cells as soon as they recognize him without having to use antigens.

32
Q

Macrophages are mediators during inflammation and immunity. It does not retain memory therefore what must happen?

A

It has to be reactivated

33
Q

In mucosal tissue there is a specialized dendritic cell type called what

A

Langerhans cells

34
Q

Another name for immunomodulator

A

Cytokine

35
Q

What are the 2 major divisions of the immune response

A

Humoral and cell mediated

36
Q

Inflammation is not capable of memory

What do we retain after memory is achieved

A

Immunity

37
Q

Describe passive immunitiy

A

Mother passing antibodies through placenta

Can also be acquired

38
Q

Describe active immunity

A

Acquired for natural

Vaccines or boosters

39
Q

What type of active immunity vaccine should dental personnel get?

A

Hep B

40
Q

Define Live attenuated (vaccines)

A

Reduction in severity/potency

41
Q

Definition.

The study of diseases caused by the malfunctioning of the immune system

A

ImmunoPathology

42
Q

Give two examples of immunopathology

A

Hypersensitivity and autoimmune disease

43
Q

A.k.a. allergic reactions

A

Hypersensitivity

44
Q

Type I hypersensitivity

A

Anaphylactic shock

45
Q

Type II hypersensitivity

A

RH incompatibility/cytotoxic

46
Q

Type III

A

Lupus/immune complex

47
Q

IV and example

A

Delayed hypersensitivity

TB test

Transplant rejection

48
Q

What is another name for the tuberculin test

A

Purified protein derivative PPD

49
Q

How many deaths per year in the United States are caused from penicillin

A

300

50
Q

What is the recognition called that deals with autoimmune disease is

A

Immunologic tolerance

51
Q

Immunodeficiencies can be congenital or acquired

A

True

52
Q

20% of the population get these
More common in females
Get this from emotional stress and citrus foods
Menstruatio and systemic diseases

A

Aphthous ulcers

Pathology (2 decks)

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