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Biology M01 > test 1 vocab > Flashcards

test 1 vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Producer:

A

an organism that makes organic food molecules from carbon dioxide, water, and other inorganic raw material.

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2
Q

Science:

A

any method of learning about the natural world that follows the scientific method.

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3
Q

Scientific Method:

A

series of steps; observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, predicted results

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4
Q

Atom:

A

the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element.

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5
Q

Atomic Number:

A

the number of protons in an atom determines which element it is

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6
Q

Isotonic:

A

solutions of equal solute concentration

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7
Q

Ionic Bonding:

A

the attraction b/w oppositely charged ions

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8
Q

Solvent:

A

the dissolving agent in a solution. Water is the most versatile known solvent.

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9
Q

Acid:

A

a substance that increases the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution.

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10
Q

Adhesion:

A

the attraction between different kinds of molecules.

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11
Q

Electron:

A

a subatomic particle with a single negative charge (-)

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12
Q

Denaturation:

A

protein unravels, losing its specific conformation and hence itsfunctions; can be caused by changes in pH, or salt concentrations or by high temperature,

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13
Q

Disaccharide:

A

double sugar, is constructed from two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction

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14
Q

Lipid (Fat):

A

an organic compound consisting mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by nonpolar covalent bonds; hydrophobic and insoluble in water; includes fats, waxes, phospholipids and steroids

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15
Q

Phospholipid:

A

a molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes; hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail

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16
Q

Peptide Bond:

A

the bond between adjacent amino acids

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17
Q

Prokaryotic:

A

found in organisms of the domains: bacteria and archaea

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18
Q

Cellular Respiration:

A

the aerobic harvesting of an energy from food molecules; the energy releasing chemical breakdown of food molecules, and storage of potential energy in a form that cells can use to perform work

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19
Q

Calorie:

A

the amount of energy that can raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree celcius

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20
Q

Diffusion:

A

movement of molecules spreading out evenly into the available space

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21
Q

Enzyme Inhibitor:

A

certain molecules can inhibit a metabolic reaction by binding to an enzyme and disrupting its functions

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22
Q

Hypertonic:

A

the solution with a higher concentration of solute is hypertonic to the other solution

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23
Q

Natural Selection:

A

a process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characteristics, unequal reproductive success

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24
Q

Consumer:

A

an organism that obtains its food by eating animals that have eaten plants

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25
Q

Hypothesis:

A

a tentative explanation that a scientist proposes for a specific phenomenon that has been observed.

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26
Q

Element:

A

a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions. 92 naturally occurring

27
Q

Molecule:

A

a group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

28
Q

Isotope:

A

different isotopes of an element have the same numbers of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons; forms of an element that differ in mass

29
Q

Polar (Polarity):

A

an uneven distribution of charge due to the presence of the of polar covalent bonds (bonds having opposite charges on opposite hands)

30
Q

Hydrogen Bonding:

A

weak chemical bond formed when a partially pos. hydrogen atom from one polar molecule is attracted to the partially neg. atomin another molecule (or in another part of same molecule)

31
Q

Solution:

A

a liquid consisting of a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances : a dissolving agent, the solvent, and a substance that is dissolved, the solute

32
Q

Base (Alkali):

A

a compound that accepts H+ and removes them from solution

33
Q

Proton:

A

subatomic particle with a single unit of positive electrical charge (+)

34
Q

pH:

A

0-14 measuring acidity, 0-6 most acidic, 7 neutral, 8-14 basic

35
Q

Dehydration Synthesis:

A

a chemical reaction that removes a chemical reaction that removes a molecule of water.

36
Q

Polysaccharide:

A

complex carbohydrates are long chains of sugars—polymers of monosaccharides.

37
Q

Protein:

A

a polymer of amino acid monomers; most elaborate and diverse of life’s molecules

38
Q

Nucleic Acid:

A

macromolecules that store information from and provide the instructions for building proteins. DNA and RNA

39
Q

Domain:

A

a taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three main domains of life are archaea, bacteria, and eukarya

40
Q

Photosynthesis:

A

process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria transform light energy to chemical energy stored in the bonds of sugars

41
Q

ATP:

A

consists of an organic molecule called adenosine plus a tail of three phosphate groups

42
Q

Osmosis:

A

the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

43
Q

Metabolism:

A

the total of all the chemical reactions in an organism

44
Q

Hypotonic:

A

the solution with the lower solute concentration is said to be hypertonic to the other

45
Q

Taxonomy:

A

the branch of biology concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying species

46
Q

Theory:

A

a widely accepted explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence.

47
Q

Compound:

A

substances that contain two or more elements in a fixed ratio

48
Q

Atomic Mass:

A

a measure of the amount of material in an object

49
Q

Isomer:

A

molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures

50
Q

Covalent Bonding:

A

forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons.

51
Q

Solute:

A

a substance that dissolves in a liquid solvent

52
Q

Cohesion:

A

tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together, (stronger for water than most other liquids)

53
Q

Neutron:

A

electrically charged neutral (has no charge)

54
Q

Buffer:

A

substances that minimize changes in pH by accepting H+ when its depleted

55
Q

Hydrolysis:

A

the breakdown of polymers occurs by a process; to break (lyse) with water (hydro).

56
Q

Monosaccharide:

A

simple sugars; are the monomers of carbohydrates they cannot be broken down into smaller sugars.

57
Q

Amino Acid:

A

consists of a central carbon atom bonded to four covalent partners

58
Q

Nucleotide:

A

nucleic acids are polymers made from monomers

59
Q

Eukaryotic:

A

domains of protists, plants, fungi and animals

60
Q

Energy:

A

the capacity to cause change

61
Q

Enzyme:

A

proteins that speed up chemical reactions

62
Q

Active Transport:

A

requires that a cell expend energy to move molecules across a membrane.

63
Q

Facilitated Diffusion:

A

the passage of a substance across a biological membrane down its concentration gradient, aided by specific transport proteins

64
Q

Lysis:

A

breaking open

Biology M01 (2 decks)

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