Elimination and Distribution

Question 0

Fexofenadine

Answer 0

Allegra
excluded from the brain unlike other antihistamines
thus is nonsedating

Question 1

Ciprofloxacin

Answer 1

Cipro
penetrates the prostate gland so it good for bacterial prostatitis
most antibodies do not penetrate

Question 2

how is penicillin eliminated?

Answer 2

transported into the proximal tubules and therefore rapidly excreted by the kidneys

Question 3

what prolongs Raloxifene in the body?

Answer 3

Raloxifene or Evista
for osteoporosis
transported by liver into the intestines where it is reabsorbed - enterohepatic recirculation

Question 4

What factors determine drug distribution?

Answer 4

organ blood 
barriers to drug diffusion 
adipose tissue 
tissue protein binding 
Plasma protein binding 
drug transport 
Ion trapping

Question 5

Organs with high blood flow will

Answer 5

have larger amounts of drug delivered

experience initial high concentrations of drug but will diminish as it redistributes

Question 6

Benzodiazepine

Answer 6

examples: diazepam, Valium

sedatives/hypnotics that produces initial, but short lived profound CNS effects

Question 7

Drug distribution involving the BBB

Answer 7

capillaries in the brain have tight junctions
wrapped by pericapillary glial cells that further contribute to BBB
endothelial cells in the brain capillaries have P-glycoprotein that pumps drugs out of endothelial cells
restricts movement of Hydrophilic drugs into the brain

Question 8

what can break the BBB?

Answer 8

inflammation and ischemia

Question 9

what is a down side to lipophilic drug?

Answer 9

can redistribute to adipose tissue so may need a larger initial bolus
may also lengthen time to eliminate drug from the body

Question 10

In blood, acid drugs may bind to

Answer 10

albumin

Question 11

In blood, basic drugs bind to

Answer 11

alpha-acid glycoprotein

Question 12

Binding of drugs may limit the delivery of drugs to drug

Answer 12

elimination mechanisms and this increases the time required for the drug to be removed from the body

Question 13

Displacement of unconjugated bilirubin from albumin by drugs may PPT

Answer 13

bilirubin encephalopathy in newborns

Question 14

Probenecid

Answer 14

for gout
blocks the transport of diuretics into the proximal tubules and thereby markedly blunts the effects of diuretics on salt and water excretion

Question 15

In a compartment with Low pH, the weak acid is mostly

Answer 15

unionized

Question 16

In a compartment with High pH, the weak acid is mostly

Answer 16

Ionized

Question 17

In a compartment with Low pH, the weak base is mostly

Answer 17

Ionized

Question 18

In a compartment with High pH, the weak base is mostly

Answer 18

Unionized

Question 19

How would you increase the urinary excretion of poison?

Answer 19

use a drug that would Ion trap the poison for elimination

Question 20

In overdoses of Aspirin and Phenobarbital, you would …. (think Ion trapping)

Answer 20

Systemically give Sodium Bicarbonate to alkalize urine to aid elimination

Question 21

In overdoses of Amphetamines, you would give … to (think Ion trapping)

Answer 21

Ammonium chloride systemically to Acidify urine