Chapter 5: Theories of Work Motivation

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

The extent to which persistent effort is directed toward a goal.

Question 2

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 2

Stems from the direct relationship between the worker and task; self-applied.

Question 3

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 3

Stems from the work environment external to the task; applied by others.

Question 4

Self-determination theory (SDT)

Answer 4

Theory of motivation that considers whether people’s motivation if autonomous or controlled.

Question 5

Autonomous motivation

Answer 5

When people are self-motivated by intrinsic factors.

Question 6

Controlled motivation

Answer 6

When people are motivated to obtain a desired consequence or extrinsic reward.

Question 7

Emotional intelligence (EI)

Answer 7

The ability to understand and manage one’s own and other’s feelings and emotions.

Question 8

Factors for transfer of Motivation to Performance

Answer 8

Personality, General Cognitive Ability, Task understanding, Emotional intelligence, and chance

Question 9

4 Branch Emotional Intelligence Model

Answer 9

1. Perceiving emotions accurately
2. Using emotion to facilitate thinking
3. Understand emotions, language and signals conveyed by emotion
4. Managing emotions to attain specific goals

Question 10

Need theories

Answer 10

Motivation theories that specify the kinds of needs people have and the conditions under which they will be motivated to satisfy these needs in a way that contributes to performance.

Question 11

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 11

Five-level hierarchy need theory of motivation that specifies that the lowest-level unsatisfied need has the greatest motivating potential.

Question 12

5 Levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 12

1. Physiological
2. Safety
3. Belongingness
4. Esteem
5. Self-actualization

Question 13

ERG Theory

Answer 13

Three-level hierarchy need theory of motivation (existence, relatedness, growth) that allows for movement up and down the hierarchy.

Question 14

3 Levels of ERG Theory

Answer 14

1. Existence,
2. Relatedness,
3. Growth

Question 15

McClelland’s Theory of Needs

Answer 15

A nonhierarchical need theory of motivation that outlines the conditions under which certain needs result in particular patterns of motivation.

Question 16

Process theories

Answer 16

Motivation theories that specify the details of how motivation occurs.

Question 17

Expectancy theory

Answer 17

A process theory that states that motivation is deteremined by the outcomes that people expect to occur as a result of their actions on the job.

Question 18

Instrumentality

Answer 18

The probability that a particular first-level outcome will be followed by a particular second-level outcome.

Question 19

Valence

Answer 19

The expected value of work outcomes; extent to which they are attractive or unattractive.

Question 20

Expectancy

Answer 20

The probability that a particular first-level outcome can be achieved.

Question 21

Force

Answer 21

The effort directed toward a first-level outcome.

Question 22

Equity theory

Answer 22

A process theory that states that motivation stems from a comparison of the inputs one invests in a job and outcomes one receives in comparison with the inputs and outcomes of another person or group.

Question 23

Goal setting theory

Answer 23

A process theory that states that goals are motivational when they are specific, challenging, when organizational members are committed to them, and when feedback about progress toward goal attainment is provided.

Question 24

Goal orientation

Answer 24

An individual’s goal preferences in achievement situations.

Question 25

Learning goal orientation

Answer 25

A preference to learn new things and develop competence in an activity by acquiring new skills and mastering new situations.

Question 26

Performance-prove goal orientation

Answer 26

A preference to obtain favourable judgements about the outcome of one’s performance.

Question 27

Performance-avoid goal orientation

Answer 27

A preference to avoid negative judgements about the outcome of one’s performance.

Question 28

Distal goal

Answer 28

Long-term or end goal.

Question 29

Proximal goal

Answer 29

Short-term goal or sub-goal.