3.3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Define organic chemistry.

Answer 1

Study of compounds containing carbon.

Question 2

Define molecular formula.

Answer 2

Formula that gives the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule.

Question 3

Give an example of a molecular formula.

Answer 3

C4H10, butane.

Question 4

Define empirical formula.

Answer 4

Formula that gives the simplest whole number ratio of each element in a compound.

Question 5

Give an example of an empirical formula.

Answer 5

C2H5, butane.

Question 6

Define structural formula.

Answer 6

This shows the number of atoms joined together in a molecule.

Question 7

Give an example of a structural formula.

Answer 7

CH3CH2CH2CH3.

Question 8

Define displayed formula.

Answer 8

This shows all the atoms and bonds in a molecule.

Question 9

Define functional group.

Answer 9

The atom or group of atoms that is responsible for most of the chemical reactions of a molecule.

Question 10

Define homologous series.

Answer 10

A family of compounds with the same general formula and the same chemical properties. In a series each member differs by the addition of a CH2 group and there is a gradual change in physical properties.

Question 11

In a structural formula how do we show branches?

Answer 11

Brackets.

Question 12

Define skeletal formula.

Answer 12

Uses lines to represent bonds, each point represents a C atom.

Question 13

What is not usually shown in a skeletal formula? When are they shown?

Answer 13

H atoms and bonds, unless part of a functional group.

Question 14

What is always shown in a skeletal formula?

Answer 14

Other atoms, eg. O, N, F, Cl, Br, I, S.

Question 15

Prefix for 1 carbon atoms.

Answer 15

Meth-

Question 16

Prefix for 2 carbon atoms.

Answer 16

Eth-

Question 17

Prefix for 3 carbon atoms.

Answer 17

Prop-

Question 18

Prefix for 4 carbon atoms.

Answer 18

But-

Question 19

Prefix for 5 carbon atoms.

Answer 19

Pent-

Question 20

Prefix for 6 carbon atoms.

Answer 20

Hex-

Question 21

Prefix for 7 carbon atoms.

Answer 21

Hept-

Question 22

Prefix for 8 carbon atoms.

Answer 22

Oct-

Question 23

Prefix for 9 carbon atoms.

Answer 23

Non-

Question 24

Prefix for 10 carbon atoms.

Answer 24

Dec-

Question 25

What do we put between numbers in nomaneclature?

Answer 25

Commas.

Question 26

What do we put between numbers and words in nomenaclature?

Answer 26

Hyphens.

Question 27

What name of alkane group is CH3-

Answer 27

Methyl

Question 28

What name of alkane group is CH3CH2-

Answer 28

Ethyl

Question 29

What name of alkane group is CH3CH2CH2-

Answer 29

Propyl

Question 30

What name of alkane group is CH3CH2CH2Ch2-

Answer 30

Butyl

Question 31

What is the prefix for 2 identical alkane groups?

Answer 31

Di-

Question 32

What is the prefix for 3 identical alkane groups?

Answer 32

Tri-

Question 33

What is the prefix for 4 identical alkane groups?

Answer 33

Tetra-

Question 34

What is the prefix for 5 identical alkane groups?

Answer 34

Penta-

Question 35

What is the prefix for 6 identical alkane groups?

Answer 35

Hexa-

Question 36

What is the prefix for fluorine?

Answer 36

Fluoro-

Question 37

What is the prefix for chlorine?

Answer 37

Chloro-

Question 38

What is the prefix for bromine?

Answer 38

Bromo-

Question 39

What is the prefix for iodine?

Answer 39

Iodo-

Question 40

Define addition reaction.

Answer 40

Reaction where a molecule joins to an unsaturated molecule to produce a saturated molecule.

Question 41

Define aliphatic.

Answer 41

Organic compounds containing C chains and branches.

Question 42

Define aromatic.

Answer 42

Organic compounds containing one or more benzene rings.

Question 43

Define carbocation.

Answer 43

A positive ion with the positive charge on a C atom.

Question 44

Define cyclic.

Answer 44

Organic compounds containing C rings.

Question 45

Define dehydration.

Answer 45

Elimination of water.

Question 46

Define dehydrogenation.

Answer 46

Elimination of hydrogen.

Question 47

Define electrophile.

Answer 47

Lone pair acceptor.

Question 48

Define elimination reaction.

Answer 48

Reaction where a molecule is lost from a saturated molecule to form an unsaturated molecule.

Question 49

Define free radical.

Answer 49

Species with an unpaired electron.

Question 50

Define functional group.

Answer 50

The atom or group of atoms that is responsible for most of the chemical reactions of a molecule.

Question 51

Define homologous series.

Answer 51

A family of compounds with the same general formula and similar chemical properties. In a series, each member differs by the addition of a CH2 group and there is a gradual change in physical properties.