Chapter 4

Question 1

a homogeneous mixture

Answer 1

solution

Question 2

the component that is dissolved

Answer 2

solute

Question 3

the component that does the dissolving

Answer 3

solvent

Question 4

substance that dissolved in water produces a solution that conducts electricity
-contains ions

Answer 4

electrolyte

Question 5

substance that dissolved in water produces a solution that does not conduct electricity

Answer 5

nonelectrolyte

Question 6

ionic compounds separate into constituent ions when dissolved in solution

Answer 6

dissociation

Question 7

formation of ions by molecular compounds when dissolved

Answer 7

ionization

Question 8

100% dissociation

-al water soluble ionic compounds, strong acids and strong bases

Answer 8

strong electrolyte

Question 9

• partially ionized in solution
• exist mostly as the molecular form in solution
• weak acids and weak bases

Answer 9

weak electrolyte

Question 10

(formation of a solid from two aqueous solutions) occurs when product is insoluble

• produce insoluble ionic compounds
• double replacement (or metathesis reaction)

Answer 10

precipitation

Question 11

is the maximum amount of a solid that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specified temperature
-prediction based on solubility rules

Answer 11

solubility

Question 12

process by which water molecules remove and surround individual ions from the solid

Answer 12

hydration

Question 13

shows all compounds represented by their chemical formulas

Answer 13

molecular equation

Question 14

shows all strong electrolytes as ions and all other substances (non-electrolytes, weak electrolytes, gases) by their chemical formulas

Answer 14

ionic equation

Question 15

shows only the reacting species in the chemical equation

-eliminates spectator ions

Answer 15

net ionic equation

Question 16

produces H+ in solution

Answer 16

arrhenius acid

Question 17

produces OH- in solution

Answer 17

Arrhenius base

Question 18

proton donor

Answer 18

bronsted acid

Question 19

proton acceptor

Answer 19

bronsted base

Question 20

one ionizable hydrogen

Answer 20

monoprotic

Question 21

two ionizable hydrogens

Answer 21

diprotic

Question 22

three ionixable hydrogens

Answer 22

triprotic

Question 23

generic term meaning more than one ionizable hydrogen

Answer 23

polyprotic

Question 24

one OH- group

Answer 24

monobasic

Question 25

two OH- groups

Answer 25

dibasic

Question 26

reaction between an acid and a base

Answer 26

neutralization

Question 27

reactions

-one element undergoes both oxidation and reduction

Answer 27

disproportionation

Question 28

reactions

-common example, hydrocarbon fuel reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water

Answer 28

combustion

Question 29

is the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent

Answer 29

concentration

Question 30

higher ratio of solute to solvent

Answer 30

concentrated

Question 31

smaller ratio of solute to solvent

Answer 31

dilute

Question 32

is the ratio of moles solute per liter of solution

Answer 32

molarity

Question 33

process of preparing a less concentrated solution from a more concentrated one

Answer 33

dilution

Question 34

• mass analysis

- ex: precipitation reaction

Answer 34

gravimetric analysis

Question 35

• volume analysis

- ex:titration

Answer 35

volumetric analysis

Question 36

addition of a solution of known concentration (standard solution) to another solution of unknown concentration

Answer 36

titration

Question 37

the determination of the exact concentration of a solution

Answer 37

standardization

Question 38

represents completion of the reaction

Answer 38

equivalence point

Question 39

where the titration is stopped

Answer 39

endpoint

Question 40

used to signal the endpoint

Answer 40

indicator