[3.3.14] Organic Synthesis Flashcards
(13 cards)
Draw a diagram of all the reactions between different functional groups in A-level chemistry, including mechanisms, reagents and conditions.
Draw a diagram of aromatic synthetic routes in A-level chemistry, including mechanisms, reagents and conditions.
Explain why chemists aim to design processes that do not require a solvent and that use nonhazardous starting materials.
Explain why chemists aim to design productionmethods with fewer steps that have a high percentage atom economy.
What is distillation used for?
Describe a reaction that uses distillation -> include the reagent, conditions and observation.
Draw a distillation apparatus.
What is reflux used for?
Describe a reaction that uses reflux -> include the reagent, conditions and observation.
Draw a reflux apparatus.
Why should you never seal the end of a condenser?
Why are anti-bumping granules used in distillation and reflux?
Why are electric heaters often used to heat organic chemicals?
What is fractional distillation used for?
Describe how to carry out fractional distillation in the laboratory.
How can you measure the purity of a liquid by measuring its boiling point?
What is the disadvantage of measuring purity like this?
How do you purify an organic liquid?
Explain each step.
How do you purify an organic solid, i.e. recrystallisation?
Explain each step.
Where does the loss of yield come from in this process?
If the percentage yield is >100%, what would have gone wrong?
How do you test the degree of purity by determining the melting point of a sample?
What would you expect to see if the sample is pure?
What would you expect to see if impurities are present?
Describe all the tests (reagent and observation) for all the organic functional groups in A-level chemistry.
