Leishmaniasis

Question 1

African Sickness ( African trypanosomiasis)

Answer 1

Caused by T Brucei Gambiense and brucei rhodiense

Question 2

What is the most important characterisitic of Sleeping Sickness?

Answer 2

Glycoprotein switching.
encoded by single gene, bait and switch
Vaccine has to take into counter switching

Question 3

Life Cycle of African Sickness

Answer 3

blood feeding tsete flies ( DAYTIME)

Anterior Station

Question 4

Pathogenicity of Trypanosoma gambiense

Answer 4

Sore inoculation site
4 stages
parasitemia no cytoplasm involvement

Question 5

Manifestations of Trypanosoma gambiense

Answer 5

lymphadenitis, Fever, Somnolescence
Metal Dullnes, tongue tremors
paralysis

Question 6

Epidemiology of Trypanosoma gambiense

Answer 6

Central and West Africa
Humid forest near lakes and rivers
Vectors: Tsetse Flies
Reservoirs: Humans and Pigs

Question 7

Identification of Trypanosoma gambiense

Answer 7

Tryptomastigote in the blood

Question 8

Pathogenicity of Trypanosoma rhodiense

Answer 8

Sore inoculation
Parasitemia
encephalomyelitis
invades intracellular
Usually dies before CNS infection

Question 9

Manifestations of Trypanosoma rhodiense

Answer 9

Lymphadenitis, fever, headache
Cramps, Rapid Weight Loss
Encephalomyelitis

Question 10

Epidemiology of Trypanosoma rhodiense

Answer 10

central east Africa
Dry Savanna woodlands
Vectors: Tsetse Flies
Native game of Africa = reservoirs

Question 11

Trypanosoma Cruzi

Answer 11

Chagas Disease
American trpanosomasis
Reduvig Bug ( night time )

Question 12

Infective Stage of Trypanosoma Cruzi

Answer 12

Metacyclic trypomastigote

Question 13

Mophology of Trypanosoma Cruzi

Answer 13

Posterior Station
Fecal
Trypmastigote in blood, eventually penetrates cell
Intracellular Amastigote
Amastigote in cardiac
Amastigotes sometimes go into tryptomastigotes

Question 14

Clincal Presentation Trypanosoma Cruzi

Answer 14

5-12 days

Question 15

Acute phase of Trypanosoma Cruzi

Answer 15

children
weeks or months duration
mild
ROMANAS Sign
Visible trypanosomes in blood

Question 16

Chronic Phase of Trypanosoma Cruzi

Answer 16

Adults
Infection remains silent
Cardiac complications
Intestinal complication megacolon, megaesophagus
preference for muscle and nerve( Necrosis of nerve cells)

Question 17

Epidemiology Trypanosoma Cruzi

Answer 17

Central and South America
Vectors: Triatomins bugs
Reservoirs:  dog cat wild animals
Reservoirs become infect by eating infected insects
Thatch Roofs Cracked Adobe walls

Question 18

Transmission of Trypanosoma Cruzi

Answer 18

1. arboborne
2. Venereal
3. Blood Transfusion and Organ Transplantation
4. Transplacental
5. Transmamary

Question 19

Identification of Trypanosoma Cruzi

Answer 19

Trypomastigote and amastigote
Activetrypanosomes in buffy coat
Serology
Xenodiagnosis

Question 20

TreatmentTrypanosoma Cruzi

Answer 20

Nifurtimox

NO AVAILABLE VACCINE

Question 21

Leishmaniasis

Answer 21

Intracellular infection
Trop and subtropic
Dermo or viscera form
Transmitted by bite of sand fly

Question 22

Leishmaniasis Life cycle

Answer 22

promastigot INFECTIVE STAGE

amastigote in human tissue

Question 23

Pathogenesis Dermo type Leishmaniasis

Answer 23

Tropica, Mexicana, brazilense
Cutaneous Ulcer
Parasitizes macrophage and destroy–> necrosis
Superoxide dismutase–> protects

Question 24

L Brazilense Infection

Answer 24

Primary cutaneous
Cartilage destruction
Mouth and nose destruction
Necrosis from secondary infection

Question 25

Pathogenesis viceroy type Leishmaniasis

Answer 25

L donovani
high fever
Reticuloendothelial involvement
Splenomegaly

Question 26

Treatmnet Leishmaniasis

Answer 26

Stibogluconate Sodium

Post kala azar– inadequate treatment

Question 27

Africa Middle east, Mediterranean
Latin America
Middle East

Answer 27

Tropica
Mexicana, brazilense
donovani