Shock

Question 0

Initial stage of shock

Answer 0

May not be apparent

Body begins to respond to oxygen supply and demand imbalance

Question 1

Shock definition

Answer 1

State in which blood flow become inadequate or cells become unable to remove toxins or use oxygen.

Question 2

Compensatory phase

Answer 2

Lactic acid builds up
Decrease in tissue perfusion

Tachycardia tachypnea

Question 3

Progressive stage

Answer 3

Unable to compensate for decreased CO
Failure to maintain BP
Results in multi system organ failure if not corrected

Question 4

Refractory stage

Answer 4

Resistant to therapy
Irreversible tissue ischemia and damage
Cell damage leading to death

Question 5

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 5

Compromised cardiac output
Not a fluid balance problem
Echo to check ejection fraction, normal is 70-100

Question 6

Causes of cardiogenic shock

Answer 6

Acute MI
Cardiomyopathy 
Pulmonary hypertension 
Blunt cardiac injury 
Sepsis

Question 7

Treatment of cardiogenic shock

Answer 7

Increase cardiac contractility
Reduce cardiac workload
Decrease water and sodium retention

Question 8

Diuretics

Answer 8

Lasix. Decrease fluids do heart doesn’t work as hard.

Question 9

IABP

Answer 9

Intra-aortic balloon pump facilitates emptying of left ventricle

Question 10

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 10

Fluid problem. Too little.

Question 11

Causes of hypovolemic shock

Answer 11

Blood loss 
Plasma loss (burns) 
Vomiting 
Diarrhea 
Diabetes

Question 12

Treatment of hypovolemic shock

Answer 12

Find and restore fluid imbalance and restore tissue perfusion

Question 13

Universal donor (blood)

Answer 13

Type O negative

Question 14

Septic shock

Answer 14

Infection in the blood leading to altered tissue perfusion.

Question 15

Risks for sepsis

Answer 15

Recent trauma
Surgery 
Invasive procedures 
Malnourished 
Immunosuppressed

Question 16

Septic shock causes

Answer 16

Gram negative bacteria
UTIs
Parasites 
Fungus 
Virus

Question 17

Third spacing

Answer 17

Fluid going into interstitial spaces

Question 18

Sepsis treatment

Answer 18

Reverse vasodilation
Remove cause
Maintain tissue perfusion

Question 19

Fluid resuscitation

Answer 19

Crystalloid fluids: NS and LR

Question 20

Levophed

Answer 20

Norepinephrine vassoconstrictor

Question 21

Lactate levels

Answer 21

Normal is 0.5-2.4

Question 22

Neurogenic shock

Answer 22

Loss of sympathetic tone resulting in dilation.

Temporary associated with spinal cord injury

Question 23

Treatment of neurogenic shock

Answer 23

Drugs to improve vasomotor tone
Reverse vasodilation
Maintain tissue perfusion

Question 24

Fluids with neurogenic shock

Answer 24

Be cautious with fluid use. Opt to use vasoconstrictors instead.

Question 25

Dopamine

Answer 25

Vasoconstrictor treats bradycardia

Question 26

Anaphylactic shock

Answer 26

Result of allergic reaction. Causes respiratory distress. Can be life threatening.

Question 27

Treatment of anaphylactic shock

Answer 27

MAINTAIN AIRWAY BY WHATEVER MEANS NECESSARY

Question 28

Epinephrine

Answer 28

Drug of choice of anaphylaxis. Bronchodilator counteracts histamine response

Question 29

Corticosteroids

Answer 29

Use in anaphylaxis to decrease inflammation