Neuroradiology Flashcards

1
Q

Sagital image: what is fourth ventricle?

A

Triangle shaped structure between spinal cord and cerebellum

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2
Q

What is the vermis?

A

Midline part of cerebellum that is covering the fourth ventricle

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3
Q

What is best for rapid imaging of patients with hemorrhage or mass effect?

A

CT

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4
Q

What is more sensitive for subtle findings, but requires longer imaging times?

A

MRI

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5
Q

Describe the neuroradiology of MS?

A
  • MRI is preferred imaging modality
  • White matter lesion known as plaques show
  • Contrast used to assess activity : Areas called active lesions
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6
Q

Describe the pathology of MS:

A
  • Immune mediated disease where body starts to attack myelin
  • Damaged myelin leads to scar formation (sclerosis) which impairs nerve impulses
  • Thought to be related to environmental factors in genetically susceptible patients
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7
Q

Encephalitis?

A

Infection of brain itself

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8
Q

Abscess in brain?

A

More focal walled off collection - infection walled off

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9
Q

What happens in a Subarachnoid Hemorrhage?

A
  • Most commonly related to ruptured aneurysm
  • Leads to sudden, severe headache, with loss or impairment of consciousness
  • If CT negative with strong suspicion may need LP
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10
Q

Where is the thalamus on the axial section?

A

Lateral to the 3rd ventricle

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11
Q

When detecting stroke or heart attack, what imaging modality is used first?

A

CT

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12
Q

***What are risk factors for infarction?

A
  • Atherosclerosis (fat and other substances build up in the walls of the arteries)
  • High BP
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Tobacco use
  • Obesity
  • Elevated lipids
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13
Q

What is intraparenchymal?

A

Occurring in the body of an organ

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14
Q

What is an infarction?

A
  • Caused by blockage in the blood supply
  • It can be caused by thrombosis (blockage of vessel due to formation of a clot) or embolism (blockage travels from elsewhere)
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15
Q

How can you tell if you’re look at a CT or MRI?

A
  • MRI has more detail, can tell white from gray matter - well differentiated
  • CT - bones look white
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16
Q

What is MRI good for?

A
  • Best way to assess for acute ischemic changes or infarction
  • Special sequences that identify infarcts with in hours
  • Best way to assess for demyelinating disease, tumors, or seizure foci
17
Q

Why should you always get CTs without contrast for acute traumas?

A

-Contrast material appears white/dense and acute hemorrhage on a CT is dense (looks white)

18
Q

When should you use contrast?

A
  • Infection, inflammation and tumor which can all disrupt the BBB
  • You can better see the process and its effect on the BBB if you use contrast
19
Q

What happens in a Neonatal US?

A
  • One at 20 weeks used as a screening exam
  • Visualization of normal lateral ventricles, normal cavum septum pellucid (below/between lateral ventricles) and a normal appearing posterior fossa can exclude a vast majority of congenital CNS abnormalities
20
Q

What does the corpus callous do?

A
  • Connects the two hemispheres

- Parts: Rostrum, genu, body and splenium parts

21
Q

What is suli?

A

Depressions in brain, fluid filled

22
Q

What images are used to make diagnoses most often?

A

Axial/transverse

23
Q

Where is the cerebellar vermis?

A

-Bottom, back/posterior of the cerebellum

24
Q

What uses ionizing radiation?

A

CT

25
Q

What is CT good for?

A
  • Rapidly acquired images - great for ER, ICU patients

- Best screen for intracranial hemorrhage or complications related to mass effect (tumor, etc.)

26
Q

When do you use an MRI?

A
  • Only if you have time
  • Longer imaging times require a stable, cooperative patient
  • Best test for acute ischemia, demyelinating disease, seizure foci or tumors