3.3.3 digestion and absorption Flashcards

Question

examples of mechanical digestive organs

Answer 1

mouth oesophagus stomach large intestine small intestine rectum anus

Answer 2

small intestines pancreas

Answer 3

small intestine

Answer 4

fatty acids glycerol

Answer 5

making call membranes

Answer 6

digestion is the process of breaking large molecules of food into smaller molecules to be absorbed into cells for chemical reactions

Answer 7

glucose is absorbed from the ileum into bloodstream via co transport 1. sodium leaves the cell via active transport using atp, through sodium potassium pump which creates a concentration gradient 2. glucose binds to sodium ions and goes through a channel protein 3. glucose exits cell via facilitated diffusion through glut2 channel into bloodstream

Answer 8

it’s optimum ph is 2 so it does not get denatured by HCl

Answer 9

1. exopeptidase- hydrolised terminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide 2. endopeptidase- hydrolises internal bonds and produce smaller polypeptides with more ends for faster hydrolysis 3. exopetidase + endopeptidase can’t hydrolyse dipeptides as they aren’t complimentary 4. membrane bound dipeptidase hydrolised peptide bonds in dipeptides into 2 amino acids

Answer 10

hydrolised the terminal bonds on the outside of polypeptides

Answer 11

hydrolised internal bonds on the inside of a polypeptide

Answer 12

hydrolyse peptide bonds in dipeptides into 2 amino acids

Answer 13

there are less ends which leads to slower rate of hydrolysis

Answer 14

hydrolised it using water to break glycosidic bonds and for maltose

Answer 15

2 glucose molecules

Answer 16

1.sodium ions exit ileum via active transport using ATP through sodium potassium pump which creates a concentration gradient in bloodstream 2. amino acid bind to sodium and enter ileum cell via facilitated diffusion through a channel protein 3. amino acids exit ilium cell via facilitated diffusion by carrier proteins back into the bloodstream

Answer 17

wall of the ileum cell is folded into many microvili supplied with capillaries= large SA, thin diffusion distance, maintains blood concentration of glucose

Answer 18

triglycerides

Answer 19

triglyceride> diglyceride> monoglyceride + 2 FA

Answer 20

lipase is an enzyme/ protein which is soluble in water, lipids are insoluble

Answer 21

triglycerides are hydrophobic and it’s difficult for dissolved lipase to approach them

Answer 22

emulsify fats to help lipase digest them

Answer 23

emulsify fats to make lipids water soluble causes lipids to form small droplets

Answer 24

the hydrophobic part of the bile salt binds to the fat globule hydrophilic part of the bile salt attracts water which the lipase is dissolved in lipase is then able to bind to the triglyceride to digest and produce 1 monoglyceride and 2 fatty acids

Answer 25

monoglyceride and 2 fatty acids combine with bile salts and form micelles micelles carry contents to epithelial cells membrane in small intestines monoglycerides and fatty acids can simply diffuse into cell and reform a truglyceride using lipase triglycerides combine with lipoproteins and cholesterol to form chylomicrons chylomicrons are packages into vescicles which move to cell membrane and are released into the lymph

Answer 26

more fatty acids are released from triglycerides which decrease ph

Answer 27

emulsify lipids and make them smaller to make them soluble in water so lipase is able to hydrolyse it

3.3.3 digestion and absorption Flashcards

(52 cards)