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pharmaceutics test 1 > Class 2 > Flashcards

Class 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Physical environment of the esophagus

A

about 25cm in length
2.5 cm in diameter
large tablet could affect esophageal transit time

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2
Q

Physical environment of stomach

ph fasted state

A

ph 1-2 in fasted state

ph 4-5 fed states

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3
Q

Physical environment of stomach ph fed tate

A

ph 4-5 fed states

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4
Q

Which drugs affect ph of stomach

A

H2 antagonists and Proton Pump Inhibitors

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5
Q

Transit time for stomach:

______ for liquids than for solids

A

Faster

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6
Q

Transit time for stomach:

___ quite a bit

A

Varies

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7
Q

Things that affect transit time of stomach

A

volume, density of meal, caloric load

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8
Q

How does stomach empty

A

food and stimulate peristalsis

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9
Q

Every 15-20 minutes on empty stomach wave will come through and clear stomach

A

MMC

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10
Q

MMC stands for

A

migrating motor complex

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11
Q

Solution to ph of stomach

A

enteric coating

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12
Q

What we use to control the rate at which the drug goes from stomach to small intestines

A

Gastric retention devices

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13
Q

Small intestine physiological environment

Ileum length

A

3.6m

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14
Q

Duodenum length

A

25-30 cm

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15
Q

jejunum length

A

2.4 m

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16
Q

As we travel down GI track generally _____ ph

A

increase

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17
Q

Whole GI tract serves two functions

A

Absorption and Barrier

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18
Q

Small intestine normally ____ of bacteria except for terminal ileum

A

free

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19
Q

help small intestine with absorption by increasing surface area

A

villi

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20
Q

effectively increase surface area of the cell and are useful for absorption and secretion functions

A

microvilli

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21
Q

glandular simple columnar epithelial cell whose function is to secrete gel-forming mucins, which are the major components of mucus.

A

Goblet Cells

22
Q

account for large cross-section of small intestins

A

microvilli

23
Q

cell found in the follicle-associated epithelium of the Peyer’s patch. They transport organisms and particles from the gut lumen to immune cells across the epithelial barrier, important in stimulating mucosal immunity.

A

M cells

24
Q

galt

A

gut associated lymphoid tissue

25
Q

GALT = gut-associated lymphoid tissue. GI tract’s immune system.

A

M cells (GALT and Peyer’s patch)

26
Q

involved in nanoparticle absorptions

A

m cell (galt and peyer’s patch)

27
Q

enterocyte: layer of glycoproteins that is associated (attached with the apical membrane)

A

glycocalyx

28
Q

enterocyte: contain

A

microvilli

29
Q

enterocyte: tight junction

A

thing that hold cell together

30
Q

side where lumen is

A

apical

31
Q

large intestine components

A

ileum and cecum

32
Q

Length of large intestine

A

1.2 m

33
Q

ph of large intesting

A

ph 6.5-8.0

34
Q

Contains lots of bacterial __-

A

flora

35
Q

flora can do lots of things

A

metabolize drugs

deliver drugs only to small intestines

36
Q

transit time of large intestines

A

15-30 hours

37
Q

tight junctions of cells controlled by

A

cellular signaling

38
Q

Physical attributs of oral dosage forms that may be associated with dysphagia, odynophagia,

A

shape, size, density, surface area, adhesion properties, coating, position when taking the pill

39
Q

reduced medication adherence

A

oval shaped pills have most complications, pill color, gel capsules are more adhesive to esophageal lining than others

40
Q

basolateral side

A

blood

41
Q

memory tag for compliance

A

size, color, and shape

42
Q

RLD

A

reference listed drug

43
Q

The incomplete ingestion of pharmaceutical dosage form contributes to

A

esophageal adhesion and potential injury

44
Q

Risk factor for esophageal adhesion formulation

A

gelatin capsules slower et than tablets

shape, size, density, surface area, and adhesion properties of the dosage form

45
Q

least potential to adhere

A

sugar coated tablets

46
Q

clinical risk factor for esophageal adhesion

A

posture of the patient and the amount of fluid used to swallow the dosage form
if tablets are taken without water
ingestion of dosage form at bedtime while lying down
sali

47
Q

greatest tendency to adhere

A

large oval tablets take with little or no water

48
Q

Large intestine drug deliver

A

higher ph
time/gi transit
presence of anaerobic bacteria

49
Q

to get drug to large intestine

A

coat the polymer so it takes longer to dissolve and dissolves at higher PH or possesses azo, glycosidic or dlucuronic linages

50
Q

Factors that affect gastric emptying

A

disease states (acid reflux), liquid vs. solid states, fasting vs. fed states, (volume density and caloric load) presences of other drugs/effects of previously absorbed drugs

pharmaceutics test 1 (2 decks)

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